Knowledge, Attitudes, and Implementation Challenges of Preventive Rehabilitation Programs among Malaysian Collegiate Football Players: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Football is a high-risk sport for lower limb injuries, prompting the use of Football Injury Prevention Programs (FIPP). Despite evidence of effectiveness, implementation remains inconsistent. This study aimed to (i) explore Malaysian collegiate football players’ knowledge, attitudes, and challenges regarding FIPP and (ii) examine the influence of demographic and institutional contexts, particularly    between public and private institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using an online structured interview was conducted among Malaysian collegiate football players aged 18 and above who were actively participating at the college or university level. The survey comprised seven sections: demographics, football background, FIPP implementation, injury rates, knowledge of FIPP, attitudes, and barriers to implementation. Data were analysed using descriptive, cross-tabulations, and correlation statistics. RESULTS: Out of 103 responses, 80 met the inclusion criteria. The respondents were predominantly Malay (51.2%) and Chinese (36.3%), with a mean age of 23.4±4.55 years. Notably, 82.5% reported previous football-related injuries, while 81.3% utilized some form of injury prevention, primarily running (56.3%) and strength training (52.5%). Despite 67.5% acknowledging the benefits of FIPP, 46.3% perceived their knowledge as insufficient, and only 36.3% had received any formal training. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between knowledge and attitudes toward FIPP (r = 0.438, p < 0.001). Key barriers included insufficient knowledge (41.3%) and limited access to qualified instructors (40.1%). CONCLUSION: Despite positive attitudes toward preventive rehabilitation, knowledge deficits and implementation barriers persist, underscoring the need for targeted education to improve FIPP adoption and reduce injury rates.