Perceived Determinants of Child Poverty in Malaysia: A Preliminary Analysis

Abstract

Child poverty is a significant topic in public policy discussions. Children who are poor face numerous disadvantages. The deprivations they face are multifaceted and often closely linked to low-income households. Children are dependent on their parents, and when parents are unable to meet their children’s basic needs, it can severely hinder the children’s development and overall well-being. Although low income is commonly viewed as the primary cause of child poverty, it may not be the sole factor. Child poverty can be attributed to several factors beyond parental income. Various economic and family demographic variables are associated with the overall well-being of children. This preliminary study aims to investigate the determinants of child poverty in Malaysia from the perspective of the general public. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory (1979), public perceptions are measured quantitatively based on four key factors that exist within a multi-layered environment: state policy commitment, health, family structures, and the labour market. The findings indicate that adverse parental characteristics increase the likelihood of child poverty. Factors such as the parental education level (47.5%), household size (61.5%), and family structure – specifically single parent households (64.5%) – are all significant contributors to child poverty. This study enhances the understanding of child poverty and offers new insights for policymakers, urging them to adopt a child-centred approach within the existing poverty framework to better support disadvantaged children.