Mammographic Breast Density and Its Associated Findings Among IIUM Kuantan Staff

Abstract

Mammographic breast density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. In this study, we investigate the distribution of mammographic density in female staff members from International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) in Kuantan. We also explore associations between mammographic density and various factors, including age, parity, body mass index (BMI), breastfeeding history, and usage of hormonal replacement therapy. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 54 female staff volunteers from IIUM Kuantan. All participants underwent digital mammography screening, and their mammographic density was evaluated using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification, which categorizes breast density composition A to D, from being entirely fatty to extremely dense. Demographic and other data were collected through structured questionnaires and review of medical records. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between mammographic density and the selected factors. The majority of breast density fell into category B (51.9%) and category C (48.1%), with no participants falling under category A or D. Further analysis revealed no statistically significant association between mammographic density with age, parity, BMI, breastfeeding history, or usage of hormonal replacement therapy. In conclusion, the relatively even distribution between the mammographic density of B and C categories suggests a balanced representation of breast parenchymal patterns in this population. Even though not statistically significant likely due to small sample cohort, some factors such as age, BMI and breast-feeding history have shown some weak association with breast density.  These findings contribute to the existing knowledge on breast health and may aid in the future development of tailored screening and prevention strategies.

Keywords: breast density, digital mammography, BI-RADS