المنهج الأثري في التفسير )مقارنة بين تفسير الطبري وابن كثير( "The Archaeological Approach in Interpretation (Comparison between the Interpretation of Ṭabarī and Ibn Kathīr").
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/alrisalah.v2i3.94Keywords:
المنهج، الأثر، الطبري، ابن كثير، التفسير, Methodology, Narration, Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr.Abstract
تناولت هذه الدراسة موضوع "المنهج الأثري في التفسير (مقارنة بين تفسير الطبري وابن كثير)"، حيث يعتبر المنهج الأثري من أقدم المناهج التفسيرية، وأكثرها شيوعاً. ونقصد بالمنهج الأثري في التفسير ما يعرف بالتفسير بالمأثور. يعتبر التفسير بالمأثور أهم أنواع التفاسير على الإطلاق إذا صحت روايته ونقله، وسلمت ضوابطه من عدالة الناقل، وصحة النقل متناً وسنداً. ويوضح هذا البحث منهج الطبري، وابن كثير، والفرق بينهما، فكلاهما ينتمي إلى مدرسة التفسير الأثرية . وقد سلك البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي. ومن أبرز النتائج التى توصل إليها البحث : أن الإمامان اتفقا في تفسير القرآن بالقرآن والسنة النبوية والمأثور عن السلف الصالح. وكذلك امتاز الإمام ابن كثير بسهولة عباراته وإيجاز صياغته في التفسير من الإمام الطبري. وأيضاً أن الإمام الطبري يورد بعض الأحاديث الضعيفة بدون مناقشة لها أو تضعيف في الغالب أما الإمام ابن كثير يقلل من ذكر الأحاديث الضعيفة، ويناقشها ويبين ضعفها في كثير من المواضع.
This study deals with the topic of "The Archaeological Approach in Interpretation (Comparison between the Interpretation of Ṭabarī and Ibn Kathīr"). The archaeological approach is one of the oldest and most common of the interpretive approaches. This interpretation is considered the most important types of interpretations as it all true and authentic. This study will discuss about the method of Ṭabarī and Ibn Kathīr in their Tafsīr, and the difference between them, both belong to the School of Interpretation archaeological. This study also divided into introduction, brief interpretation of Ṭabarī and Ibn Kathīr and then developed a comparison between them, and through the use of the method of inductive and analytical, will came up the summary of the method of their interpretation that concluded a comparison that was made between the two methods and the conclusion with an important note:
1- The two imams agreed in the interpretation of the Qur'ān by Qur'ān and by Sunnah and the proverbs on the righteous advances.
2- Imam Ibn Kathīr easily discerned his words and summarized his formulation in the interpretation than Imam Al-Ṭabarī.
3- Imam Al-Ṭabarī narrates some of the weak hadīths without discussing them or weakening them often. Imam Ibn Kathīr does not mention the weak hadīths, and discusses them and shows their weakness in many places.
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