مبررات مطالبة المنظمات الحقوقية الدولية بإلغاء تطبيق عقوبة الإعدام: موقف ليبيا من المنظمات الدولية Justification of Requesting the International organization for human rights to delete implement the Death Penalty: The Status of Libya from International or
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/alrisalah.v5i1.302Keywords:
death penalty, international human rights organizations, penal law, retribution law and blood money., عقوبة الإعدام، المنظمات الحقوقية الدولية، قانون العقوبات، قانون القصاص والدية.Abstract
تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على المبررات التي تستخدمها المنظمات الدولية المطالبة بإلغاء عقوبة الإعدام وموقف ليبيا من تلك المطالبات. وتكمن مشكلة الدراسة في التحديات التي تواجهها ليبيا في ظل استمرار تطبيق عقوبة الإعدام وفقاً للشريعة الإسلامية واستناداً لنصوص قانون العقوبات وقانون القصاص والدية المطبق في ليبيا وبين الالتزام بالوفاء بالقوانين الدولية التي تفرضها هذه المنظمات. وتبرز أهمية الدراسة في استفادة المنظمات الحقوقية الدولية من التعرف على موقف الدول الرافضة لإلغاء عقوبة الإعدام وتراجع المنظمات الدولية عن المناداة بإلغاء عقوبة الإعدام. واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الاستقرائي لاستقراء موقف المنظمات الحقوقية الدولية الرافضة لتطبيق عقوبة الإعدام في المجتمع الليبي ورفض ليبيا إلغاء تطبيق عقوبة الإعدام لتحقيق الزجر العام في المجتمع، كما استخدمت المنهج التحليلي لتحليل نصوص قانون العقوبات الليبي. وأوضحت نتائج الدراسة أن المجتمع الدولي يرى أن عقوبة الإعدام عقوبة سالبة لحق الحياة وأن الدول الأعضاء يجب أن تقوم بإلغاء تطبيق عقوبة الإعدام من نظامها العقابي، كما أن موقف ليبيا يرفض بشكل قاطع التخلي عن تطبيق عقوبة الإعدام من النظام العقابي، ولقد أوصت الدراسة أن ليبيا لديها نظام قضائي له خطوات واضحة وأن المسؤولين قادرين على اقناع المجتمع الدولي والوصول إلى تفاهمات بشأن اقناع المنظمات الدولية من أجل التخلي عن فكرة مطالبة ليبيا بإلغاء تطبيق عقوبة الإعدام.
The study aims to identify the justifications used by international organizations to demand the abolition of the death penalty and Libya position on those claims. The problem of the study lies in the challenges that Libya faces in light of the continued application of the death penalty in accordance with Islamic Sharia and based on the provisions of the Penal Code and the Law of Retribution and Parenthood applied in Libya and the obligation to fulfill the international laws imposed by these organizations. The importance of the study is evident in the international human rights organizations ’benefit from identifying the position of states that reject the abolition of the death penalty. The study followed the inductive approach to extrapolate the position of international human rights organizations rejecting the application of the death penalty in Libyan society. It also used the analytical approach to analyze the texts of the Libyan penal code and the Libyan law of retribution and blood money regarding the application of the death penalty to everyone who committed crimes. Dangerous in society. This approach also contributes to the analysis of the agreements concluded with the international community regarding the prevention of the application of the death penalty. The results of the study showed that the international community believes that the death penalty is a negative punishment for the right to life and that member states should abolish the application of the death penalty from their penal system, and that Libya's position categorically refuses to abandon the application of the death penalty from the penal system, as Libya is based on the application of the death penalty. Islamic law. In addition, international organizations refer in their annual reports to the violations committed in Libya and to field executions, which necessitates compliance with the decisions of the United Nations and Amnesty International in this regard. The results of the study showed that the Libyan Penal Code and the Libyan Law of Retribution and Parenthood are derived from the provisions of Islamic Sharia in accordance with the text of Article Seven of the Law on Retribution and Parenthood. The study recommended that Libya has a judicial system that has clear steps and that officials are able to persuade the international community and reach understandings regarding persuading international organizations in order to abandon the idea of demanding Libya to abolish the application of the death penalty.
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