The New Issues of Financial Transactions from the Chapter of Makhārij and Ḥiyal of the Books of Jurists

نوازل المعاملات المالية من باب المخارج والحيل من كتب الفقهاء

Authors

  • Mohamad Damir Khaliqyar Phd Researcher, Department of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh, AHAS KIRKHS, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Mohamad Sabri Zakaria Assistant Professor, Department of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh, AHAS KIRKHS, International Islamic University Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v8i1.335

Keywords:

Nawāzil, Emerging Issues, Sharīʽah Exits, Tricks

Abstract

Nawāzil Fiqhiyyah refer to those cases and events that require a Sharīʽah provision. In this sense, it includes all latest events and cases that require a new fatwā to clarify them from the Sharīʽah perspective regardless of whether these events are frequent or rare, old or new. Therefore, the jurisprudence of nawāzil is considered one of the most important branches of Islamic jurisprudence for its great role in explaining the provisions of Islamic Sharīʽah related to the reality of life in its all fields. The methods followed are the qualitative and analytical methods, as the researchers in this article used books, scientific journals, and official articles, and then analyzed them qualitatively. The research reached several results, the most important of which are: the word “nāzilah” is the synonym of “mustajaddah” (new issues). And that the most classical Sharīʽah jurists used the word “nawāzil” to express the events and calamities that befall people such as famine, epidemics, calamities, drought and scarcity. They mentioned it in the sections (chapters) of questions and answers on issues related to various aspects of the lives of individuals and society (transactions, conflicts and customs). Then they mentioned the answers of the jurists to these questions according to the texts of Sharīʽah and the deduction (ijtihād) of the classical jurists in their interpretation, and the analogy of the later jurists on those deductions. Sometimes the answers may be based on jurisprudential tricks (doctrinal) and legal exits. It is one of the important topics needed by the jurist, the muftī, the researcher, and the judge to research it and to find solutions to it, which are called contemporary issues and jurisprudential events.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abū Laḥīyah, Nūr al-Dīn. 2014. Al-Nawāzil al-Fiqhīyah wa-Manāhij al-Fuqahāʾ. al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Anwār li-al-Ṭibāʿah wa-al-Nashr.

Aḥmad, Shabīr Aḥmad bin Mullā. n.d. Al-Makhārij al-Sharʿīyah fī al-Maṣārif al-Islāmīyah, dirāsah taqwīmīyah.

al-ʿAynī, Maḥmūd bin Aḥmad Badr al-Dīn. 1999. Bināyat Sharḥ al-Hidāyah. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah.

al-Baghawī, Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥusayn Ibnu Masʿūd al-shāfiʿī. 1997. al-Tahdhīb fī Fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī, Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah.

al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad bin Ismāʿīl. 2001 Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Bayrūt: Dār al-Taʾāwun li-al-Nashr.

al-Fayyūmī, Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin ʿAlī. 1987. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr fī Gharīb al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr. Bayrūt: Al-Maktabah al-ʿIlmīyah.

al-Gharnāṭī, Muḥammad bin Aḥmad. 2001. Taqrīb al-Wuṣūl ilá ʿIlm al-Uṣūl. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah.

al-Ḥalabī, Aḥmad bin Muḥammad. n.d. Lisān al-Ḥukkām fī Maʿrifat al-Aḥkām. Al-Bābī Al-Ḥalabī - Al-Qāhirah.

al-Ḥanafī, Burhān al-Dīn Maḥmūd bin Aḥmad al-Bukhārī. 2004. Al-Muḥīṭ al-Burhānī fī Fiqh al-Nuʿmānī. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah.

al-Ḥarrānī, Aḥmad bin Ḥamdān bin Shabīb bin Ḥamdān Al-Nuʿmairī. n.d. Ṣifat al-Fatwá wa-al-Muftī wa-al-Mustaftī. Bayrūt: al-Maktab al-Islāmī.

al-Jīzānī, Muḥammad bin al-Ḥusayn. 2006. Fiqh al-Nawāzil. al-Mamlakah al-ʿArabīyah al-Suʿūdīyah: Dār Ibn al-Jawzīyah.

al-Khaṭīb, Muʿādh. Masālik al-Muftīn al-Muʿāṣirīn fī al-Nawāzil al-Ṭibbīyah, (https://www.aljazeera.net/opinions/2021/9/8).

al-Majīd, Fahd bin Saʿd. n.d. Al-Fatāwá wa-al-Nawāzil - Ṣaḥīfat al-Riyāḍ. http://alriyadh.com/1669172

al-Masʿūdī, Muḥammad. 1406AH. Al-Ḥiyal. ʿAdad: al-Sanah al-Sabʿah ʿAsharah - al-ʿAdadān 71, 72, Rajab-Dhū al-Ḥijjah.

al-Munajjid. Al-Shaykh Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ. n.d. Al-qism al-ʿArabī min mawqiʿ al-Islām Suʾāl wa-Jawāb.

al-Mushayqīḥ, Khālid bin ʿAlī bin Muḥammad bin Ḥamūd bin ʿAlī. n.d. Fiqh al-Nawāzil fī al-ʿIbādāt. al-Kuwayt: Jamʿīyat al-Sharīʿah - Jamʿīyat Iḥyā' al-Turāth al-Islāmī.

al-Najm, ʿAlī. 2015. Al-Makhraj al-Sharʿīyah lil-Muʿāmalāt al-Mālīyah. Dubayy: al-Jāmiʿah al-ʿĀlamīyah al-Islāmīyah bi-al-Madīnah.

al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyá bin Sharaf. 1972. Al-Minhāj Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Bayrūt: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.

al-Qaḥṭānī, Saʿīd bin ʿAlī bin Wahf. 2010. Iẓhār al-Ḥaqq wa-al-Ṣawāb fī Ḥukm al-Ḥijāb. al-Riyāḍ: al-Ṣafīr li-al-Nashr.

al-Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf. n.d. Al-Muḥāḍarāt al-Thalāth fī Fiqh al-Nawāzil.

al-Qarāfī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad bin Idrīs. 2000. Juzaʾ min Sharḥ Tanqīḥ al-Fuṣūl fī ʿIlm al-Uṣūl. ʿArḍ kullīyat al-Sharīʿah bi-Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurá.

al-Rūyāni, Abū Al-Maḥāsin ʿAbd al-Wāḥid bin Ismāʿīl. 2009. Baḥr al-Madhhab fī Furūʿ al-Madhhab al-Shāfiʿī. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah.

al-Saʿīf, Ḥasan bin Ibrāhīm bin Muḥammad. 2006. Aḥkām al-Iktitāb fī al-Sharikāt al-Musāhamah. al-Mamlakah al-ʿArabīyah al-Suʿūdīyah: Dār Ibn al-Jawzī.

al-Samarqandī, Abī al-Layth Naṣr bin Muḥammad bin Ibrāhīm. 2004. Fatāwá al-Nawāzil. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah.

al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad bin Aḥmad bin Abī Sahl. 2000. Al-Mabsūṭ. Bayrūt: Dār al-Maʿrifah.

al-Shahūd, ʿAlī bin Nāyif. n.d. Al-Mufaṣṣal fī Aḥkām al-Ribā. Muḥaqqiq fī al-Qur'ān wa-al-Sunnah.

al-Shāṭibī, Ibrāhīm bin Mūsá. 1997. Al-Muwāfaqāt. Jīzah: Dār Ibn ʿAffān, 1997.

al-ʿUthmānī, Muḥammad Taqī. 2006. Buḥūth fī Qaḍāyā Fiqhīyah Muʿāṣirah. Dimashq: Dār al-Qalam.

al-Zubaydī, Murtaḍá. 1965. Tāj al-ʿArūs. al-Kuwayt: Dār al-Hidāyah lil-Ṭibāʿah wa-al-Nashr.

al-Zuhaylī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafá. 2006. Al-Wajīz fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-Islāmī. Dimashq: Dār al-Khayr.

Dāmad Afandī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad. n.d. Majmaʿ al-Anhār fī Sharḥ Multaqā al-Abyaḍ. Bayrūt: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.

Ḥamdāwī, Jāmil. 2015. Fiqh al-Nawāzil fī al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Dār al-Rif lil-Ṭibāʿah wa-al-Nashr.

Ḥusayn, Muḥammad Yusrī Ibrāhīm. 2012. Fiqh al-Awlawīyāt fī al-Khiṭāb al-Salafī al-Muʿāṣir. Miṣr: Dār al-Yusr.

Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Muḥammad bin ʿAbd al-Barr bin Asīm al-Nimrī al-Qurṭubī. 1993. Jāmiʿ Bayān al-ʿIlm wa-Faḍlih. al-Mamlakah al-ʿArabīyah al-Suʿūdīyah: Dār Ibn al-Jawzī.

Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad Amīn bin ʿUmar bin ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Dimashqī al-Ḥanafī. 1992. Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalá al-Durr al-Mukhtār. Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr.

Ibn al-Najjār, Taqī al-Dīn Abū al-Baqāʾ Muḥammad bin Aḥmad al-Ḥanbalī. 1997. Sharḥ al-Kawkab al-Munīr. Jiddah: Maktabat ʿUbaykān.

Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ, ʿUthmān bin ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Abū ʿAmr Taqī al-Dīn. 2022. Ādāb al-Muftī wa-al-Mustaftī. al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah: Maktabat al-ʿUlūm wa-al-Ḥikam.

Ibn ʿĀshūr, Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir bin Muḥammad bin Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir. 2004. Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. Qaṭar: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-al-Shuʾūn al-Islāmīyah.

Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad bin Makram Jamāl al-Dīn. 1993. Lisān al-ʿArab. Bayrūt: Dār Ṣādir.

Ibn Nujaym, Zayn al-Dīn bin Ibrāhīm bin Muḥammad al-Miṣrī. n.d. Al-Baḥr al-Rāʾiq Sharḥ Kanz al-Daqāʾiq. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmī.

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawzīyah, Muḥammad bin Abī Bakr bin Ayyūb bin Saʿd Shams al-Dīn. 1968. Iʿlām al-Muwaqqiʿīn. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah.

Ibn Rushd, Abū al-Walīd Muḥammad Ibn Aḥmad al-Qurṭubī. 1993. Masā'il Abū al-Walīd Ibn Rushd. Bayrūt: Dār al-Jāl.

Ibn Taymīyah, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm al-Ḥarrānī al-Ḥanbalī al-Dimashqī. 1997. Bayān al-Dalīl. Bayrūt: al-Maktab al-Islāmī.

Jābih Jī, ʿUmar Muḥammad. n.d. Al-Ḥiyal wa-al-Makhārij al-Sharʿīyah.

Lajnat al-ʿUlamāʾ birīyāsat Nizām al-Dīn al-Balkhī. 1982. Al-Fatāwá al-Hindīyah. Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr.

Majallat Majmaʿ al-Fiqh al-Islāmī bi-Jiddah al-Tābiʿ li-Munaẓẓamah al-Mu'tamar al-Islāmī.

Mawsūʿat al-Fiqh al-Islāmī al-Miṣrīyah li-Wizārat al-Awqāf al-Miṣrīyah.

Muḥammad, Rajab Abū Māliḥ. 2021. Min Ḍawābiṭ al-Iftāʾ fī Nawāzil al-ʿAṣr al-Muslimah, Majallat Idārat al-Fatwá wa-al-Buḥūth.

Zakarīyāʾ, Muḥammad Ṣabrī. 2023. Taṭbīq al-Ḥiyal (Legal Devices (LD)) fī Muʿāmalāt Murābaḥah wa Manẓūr Sharʿīyah. Majallat al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa-Uṣūluh, Juzʾ 7, Raqm 1. https://journals.iium.edu.my/al-fiqh/index.php/al-fiqh/article/view/290

Published

31-01-2024

How to Cite

Khaliqyar, M. D., & Zakaria, M. S. (2024). The New Issues of Financial Transactions from the Chapter of Makhārij and Ḥiyal of the Books of Jurists: نوازل المعاملات المالية من باب المخارج والحيل من كتب الفقهاء. International Journal of Fiqh and Usul Al-Fiqh Studies, 8(1), 86–98. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v8i1.335

Issue

Section

Arabic Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)