Islamic Ruling on Using Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning: AI Chatbots as a Case Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v9i3.401Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Chatbots, Conversational AI, Islamic EducationAbstract
This study aims to determine the Islamic ruling on using AI chatbots in education, particularly in Islamic studies. It examines the nature and characteristics of these programs and analyses their permissibility from a jurisprudential perspective through religious evidence, jurisprudential rules, and the objectives of Shariah. The study follows inductive and deductive approaches in surveying juristic opinions and deriving rulings from religious texts and jurisprudential principles. The study concludes that using AI chatbots in education is permissible with specific conditions, primarily: verifying information accuracy, comparing with recognized scholarly opinions, and considering them as assistive tools rather than the replacement of the teacher. The study also identifies six risk domains: information accuracy, teaching methodology, understanding and interpretation, educational aspects, identity and values, and practical implementation.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Agil, T., & Alkhiri, A. (2022). Islamic ethical foundations of AI and its modern applications. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 22(5), 741.
Al-Ashqar, U. S. (1981). Maqasid al-mukallafin fima yata'abbad bihi li-rabb al-'alamin [The purposes of the obligated ones in what they worship to the Lord of the Worlds]. Kuwait: Maktabat al-Falah.
Al-Bar'i, A. S. A. (2019). Tatbiqat al-dhaka' al-istnai wa-l-robot min manzur al-fiqh al-Islami [Applications of artificial intelligence and robots from an Islamic jurisprudence perspective]. Majallat Dar al-Ifta' al-Misriyya.
Aliff Nawi Mohd Faiz, M., Yaakob, C. C. R., Nor Yazi, & Tamuri, K. A. H. (2021). A preliminary survey of Muslim experts' views on artificial intelligence. Islāmiyyāt, 43(2).
Amana Raquib, B., Channa, B., Zubair, T., & Qadir, J. (2022). Islamic virtue-based ethics for artificial intelligence. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 2.
Chatbot. (2024). In Oxford Languages dictionary. Retrieved May 1, 2024, from https://translate.google.com/
ChatGPT. (2024). https://chat.openai.com
Claude.ai. (2024). https://claude.ai
Copilot. (2024). https://copilot.microsoft.com
Dodda, S. B., Maruthi, S., & Yellu, R. R. (2020). Conversational AI - Chatbot Architectures and Evaluation. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 11(6), 123-130.
Ekman, M. (2024). Learning Deep Learning: Theory and Practice of Neural Networks, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, and Transformers using TensorFlow. Addison-Wesley Professional.
Ertel, W. (2018). Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Springer International Publishing.
Gemini. (2024). https://gemini.google.com
Group of Scholars. (2013). Ma'lamat Zayid li-l-qawa'id al-fiqhiyya wa-l-usuliyya [Zayed Encyclopaedia of Jurisprudential and Fundamental Rules]. (Abu Dhabi: Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Charitable and Humanitarian Foundation - Organization of Islamic Cooperation International Islamic Fiqh Academy).
Gupta, A., Hathwar, D., Jain, A., & Gupta, S. (2020). Introduction to AI chatbots. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 9(5), 456-462.
Gupta, A., Jain, A., Hathwar, D., & Gupta, S. (2020). Conversational AI for natural language processing: An review of ChatGPT. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 9(6), 789-795.1
IslamOnline. (n.d.). Al-dhaka' al-istnai wa-l-mawqif al-shar'i minhu [Artificial intelligence and the Sharia position on it]. Retrieved May 1, 2024, from http://www.islamonline.net/الذكاء-الاصطناعي-والموقف-الشرعي-منه
Khalifa, I. (2019, April). Al-dhaka' al-istnai: Malamih wa-tadaiyyat haymana al-alat al-dhakiya 'ala hayat al-bashar [Artificial intelligence: Features and implications of the domination of smart machines over human life]. Abu Dhabi: Center for Future Studies and Advanced Research.
Labadze, L., Grigolia, M., & Machaidze, L. (2023). Role of AI chatbots in education: systematic literature review. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 26(2), 123-134.
Madi, A. S. (n.d.). Kull ma turid ma'rifatahu 'an takhassus al-dhaka' al-istnai [Everything you want to know about the artificial intelligence major]. HotCourses Middle East. Retrieved May 1, 2024, from https://www.hotcourses.ae
Muhammad suhail. (2023, February 14). Is chatbot haram? Muslimguiding.com. https://muslimguiding.com/is-chatbot-haram
Oxford Languages Dictionary on Google Translate. (2024, May 1). https://translate.google.com/
Shahid, W. (2023, February 17). ChatGPT is dangerous for Islamic questions and fatwas? TheIslamicInformation.com. https://theislamicinformation.com/news/chatgpt-dangerous-for-islamic-questions-fatwas/
Shaikh, E. (2023, July 29). ChatGPT vs Claude 2: A detailed analysis (expert view). Demand Sage. https://www.demandsage.com/chatgpt-vs-claude/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The IIUM journal follows the open access policy.
Consent to publish: The Author(s) agree to publish their articles with IIUM Press.
Declaration: The Author(s) declare that the article has not been published before in any form and that it is not concurrently submitted to another publication, and also that it does not infringe on anyone’s copyright. The Author(s) holds the IIUM Press and Editors of the journal harmless against all copyright claims.
Transfer of copyright: The Author(s) hereby agree to transfer the copyright of the article to IIUM Press, which shall have the exclusive and unlimited right to publish the article in any form, including in electronic media. However, the Author(s) will reserve the right to reproduce the article for educational and scientific purposes provided that the written consent of the Publisher is obtained. For the article with more than one author, the corresponding author confirms that he/she is authorized by his/her co-author(s) to grant this transfer of copyright.
