The Five Major Legal Maxims and Their Influence on Contemporary Economic Fatāwā Issued by the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulama Council
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v10i1.390Keywords:
The Five Major Legal Maxims, Fatāwā, Contemporary Economy, National Sharia Council, Indonesian Ulama CouncilAbstract
The development of contemporary economics has given rise to new issues that require appropriate Islamic legal solutions. The National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulama Council (DSN-MUI) plays a significant role in formulating fatāwā on Islamic economic matters, referring not only to the Qur’an and Hadith but also to the five major and universal Islamic legal maxims. However, the direct influence of these legal maxims on DSN-MUI fatāwā has rarely been studied in depth. Therefore, this study aims to explore the five major legal maxims according to classical and contemporary scholars, and to examine their influence on contemporary economic fatāwā issued by the DSN-MUI. This study employs a historical, philosophical, and comparative approach with a prescriptive analysis. Primary sources include classical works on legal maxims such as Al-Ashbāh wa-al-Naẓāʾir fī Qawāʿid wa-Furūʿ Fiqh al-Shāfiʿīyyah by al-Suyūṭī and contemporary works such as Al-Fiqh al-Islāmī fī Thawbihi al-Jadīd by Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Zarqā, among others. The research applies the inductive theory of Islamic law. In conclusion, the majority of scholars of madhāhib and contemporary scholars mention five major legal maxims. However, the legal maxims that have influenced nine contemporary economic fatāwā issued by the National Sharia Board of the Indonesian Ulama Council are limited to only three major maxims, namely: “Al-Mashaqqah Tajlib al-Taysīr”, “Al-Ḍarar Yuzāl”, and “Al-ʿĀdah Muḥakkamah” This research makes an important contribution in affirming that the five major legal maxims are not merely theoretical, but have a real and tangible impact on the formulation of contemporary economic fatāwā issued by the National Sharia Board of the Indonesian Ulama Council.
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