Multiple Methods of Uṣūlī Scholars to Define the Qiyās (Analogical Deduction): Causes and Effects
تعدد مناهج الأصوليين في تعريف القياس: الأسباب والآثار
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v6i2.266Keywords:
Multiplicity, Methods, Definition of Qiyās, Causes, EffectsAbstract
This research aims to identify the term al-qiyās al-uṣūlī (analogical deduction used in uṣūl al-fiqh), explain the methods of uṣūlī scholars to clarify its real meaning, explain the reason for their difference in these methods, and to show the impact of this difference in the uṣūlī research that exists in their books. The problem of the research is to identify the uṣūlī scholars’ definition of the term analogy (qiyās) and try to develop a comprehensive picture of their methods of this definition, searching the reason for this difference, and explaining its impact on uṣūlī sub-issues. The research uses the inductive method to track the definitions; the descriptive method to reveal what was written about the definitions, the reasons for the difference in them and its effects; and the analytical method for explaining the methods, causes and effects of the difference. The research concluded that the uṣūlī scholars used three methods in their definitions: one method considered the analogy as the work of a mujtahid represented in transferring the ruling (from the original issue to a new issue); another method considered it as the work of a mujtahid represented in manifesting (this rule); and a third method gave the analogy an additional meaning which takes place between the original issue and the new issue, and a mujtahid has nothing to do with this. This difference in definitions shows the different viewpoints. Some scholars stated that it is dependent on how the scholars interpret the rationale of the original ruling. Others stated that it is dependent on how the scholars investigate and establish the level of equality between the original case and its ruling and the new case and its ruling. Others said that it is dependent on the difference in the authenticity of reasoning by resemblance. Others suggested that the variations are influenced by many historical landmarks that resulted in having these different definitions and methods. As for the effects of this difference in the uṣūlī sub-issues, it was represented in two things: the authenticity of the analogy, and the depth of the uṣūlī research in the field of analogical deduction.
Downloads
Metrics
References
ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ, ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm ʿAbd al-Salām. 2010. al-ʾAsās Li al-ʾIkhtilāf Fī Taʿrīf al-Qiyās. Majallah Dār al-ʾIftāʾ al-Miṣriyyah, No:6.
ʾAbū al-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī, Muḥammad Bin ʿAlī. 1965. al-Muʿtamad Fī ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh. Dimashq: al-Maʿhad al-ʿIlmī al-Faransī Li al-Dirāsāt al-ʿArabiyyah.
ʾAbū Zahrah, Muḥammad. n.d. ʾAbū Ḥanīfah Ḥayātuhu Wa ʿAṣruhu Wa ʾĀrāʾuhu Wa Fiqhuhu. Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī.
al-ʾĀmidī, ʿAlī Bin Muḥammad. 2003. al-ʾIḥkām Fī ʾUṣūl al-ʾAḥkām. al-Riyāḍ: Dār al-ʿUṣaymī.
al-ʿAnzī, Fayṣal Bin ʿIwaḍ. 2011. al-Tawfīq Wa al-Sadād Fī Masʾalah al-Taṣwīb Wa al-Takhṭiʾah Fī al-ʾIjtihad. al-Kuwayt: Manshūrāt Majallah al-Waʿy al-ʾIslāmī. No: 22.
al-ʾArmawī, Muḥammad Bin al-Ḥusayn. 1994. al-Ḥāṣil Min al-Maḥṣūl. Binghāzī: Manshūrāt Jāmiʿah Qāryūnus.
al-Bājī, Sulaymān Bin Khalaf. 2005. ʾIḥkām al-Fuṣūl Fī ʾAḥkām al-ʾUṣūl. Libiyā: Manshūrāt Jāmiʿah al-Marqab.
al-Bayhaqī, ʾAḥmad Bin Husayn. 2003. al-Sunan al-Kubrā. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
al-Ghazālī, Muḥammad Bin Muḥammad. 1993. ʾAsās al-Qiyās. al-Riyād: Maktabah al-ʿAbīkān.
al-Ghazālī, Muḥammad Bin Muḥammad. 2014. al-Mustaṣfā Fī ʿIlm al-ʾUṣūl. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
al-Jallāṣī, Buthaynah. 2011. al-Qiyās ʾAṣlan Min ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh ʾIlā Ḥudūd al-Qarn al-Thāmin Li al-Hijrah. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
al-Jaṣṣaṣ, ʾAḥmad Bin ʿAlī. 2010. al-Fuṣūl Fī al-ʾUṣūl. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
al-Juhanī, Fahd Bin Saʿad. 2001. al-Qiyās ʿInda al-ʾImām al-Shāfiʿī Dirāsah Taʾṣīliyyah Taṭbīqiyyah ʿAlā Kitāb al-ʾUmm. Makkah al-Mukarramah: Jāmiʿah ʾUmm al-Qurā.
al-Juwaynī, ʿAbd al-Malik Bin ʿAbdullāh. 1997. al-Burhān Fī ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
al-Kafawī, ʾAyyūb Bin Mūsā. 2011. al-Kulliyyāt Muʿjam Fī al-Muṣṭalaḥāt Wa al-Furūq al-Lughawiyyah. Bayrūt: Muʾassasah al-Risālah.
al-Kalwadhānī, Maḥfūẓ Bin ʾAḥmad. 1985. al-Tamhīd Fī ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh. al-Saʿūdiyyah: Markaz al-Baḥth al-ʿIlmī Wa ʾIḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʾIslāmī.
al-Namlah, ʿAbd al-Karim Bin ʿAlī. 2017. al-Rukhaṣ al-Sharʿiyyah Wa ʾIthbātuhā Bi al-Qiyās. al-Riyāḍ: Maktabah al-Rushd.
al-Namlah, ʿAbd al-Karim Bin ʿAlī. n.d. al-Muhadhdhab Fī ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh al-Muqāran. al-Riyāḍ: Maktabah al-Rushd.
al-Nasafī, ʿAbdullāh Bin ʾAḥmad. n.d. Kashf al-ʾAsrār Sharḥ al-Manār. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
al-Qarrāfī, ʾAḥmad Bin ʾIdrīs. 1973. Sharḥ Tanqīḥ al-Fuṣūl Fī ʾIkhtiṣār al-Maḥṣūl. Sharikah al-Ṭibāʿah al-Fanniyyah al-Muttaḥidah.
al-Rāzī, Muḥammad Bin ʿUmar. n.d. al-Maḥṣūl Fī ʿIlm ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh. Bayrūt: Muʾassasah al-Risālah.
al-Saʿdī, ʿAbd al-Ḥakīm ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. 1986. Mabāḥith al-ʿIllah Fī al-Qiyās ʿInda al-ʾUṣūliyyin. Bayrūt: Dār al-Bashāʾir al-ʾIslāmiyyah.
al-Samʿānī, Manṣūr Bin Muḥammad. 1997. Qawāṭiʿ al-ʾAdillah Fī al-ʾUṣūl. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
al-Samarqandī, Muḥammad Bin ʾAḥmad. 1984. Mīzān al-ʾUṣūl Fī Natāj al-ʿUqūl Fī ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh. al-Saʿūdiyyah: Kulliyyah al-Sharīʿah Wa al-Dirāsāt al-ʾIslāmiyyah.
al-Sayyābī, Khalfan Bin Jamīl. 1982. Fuṣūl al-ʾUṣūl. Sulṭanah ʿUmmān: Wizārah al-Turāth al-Qawmī Wa al-Thaqāfah.
al-Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad Bin ʾIdrīs. 1938. al-Risālah. Miṣr: Maṭbaʿah Muṣṭafā al-Ḥalabī.
al-Shammākhī, ʾAḥmad Bin Saʿīd. 1990. Sharḥ Mukhtaṣar al-ʿAdl Wa al-ʾInṣāf. Tūnis: Kulliyyah al-Zaytūnah.
al-Wārijilānī, Yūsuf Bin ʾIbrāhīm. 1984. al-ʿAdl Wa al-ʾInṣāf Fī Maʿrifah ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh Wa al-ʾIkhtilāf. Sulṭanah ʿUmmān: Wizārah al-Turāth Wa al-Thaqāfah.
al-Zarkashī, Muḥammad Bin Bahādir. 1992. al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ Fī ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh. al-Kuwayt: Dār al-Ṣafwah.
ʾAmīn, ʾAḥmad ʾAmīn. 2010. Ḍuḥā al-ʾIslām. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
ʾAmin, Muḥammad. n.d. Taysīr al-Taḥrīr. Makkah al-Mukarramah: Dār al-Bāz.
ʾAmīr Bādishāh, Muḥammad ʾAmīn. n.d. Taysīr al-Taḥrīr. Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr.
ʾAṭfīsh, Muḥammad Bin Yūsuf. 2007. Shāmil al-ʾAṣl Wa al-Farʿ. Sulṭanah ʿUmmān: Wizārah al-Turāth Wa al-Thaqāfah.
ʾIbn al-Ḥājib, ʿUthmān Bin ʿUmar. 2006. Mukhtaṣar Muntahā al-Sūl Wa al-ʾAmal Fī ʿIlmay al-ʾUṣūl Wa al-Jadal. Bayrūt: Dār ʾIbn Ḥazm.
ʾIbn al-Humām, Muḥammad Bin ʿAbd al-Waḥīd. 1930. al-Taḥīr Fī ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh al-Jāmiʿ Bayna ʾIṣṭilāhay al-Ḥanafiyyah Wa al-Shāfiʿiyyah. Miṣr: Maṭbaʿah Muṣṭafā al-Ḥalabī.
ʾIbn al-Subkī, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Bin ʿAlī. 2002. Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ Fī ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
ʾIbn Barkah, ʿAbdullāh Bin Muḥammad. n.d. Kitāb al-Jāmiʿ. Sulṭanah ʿUmmān: Wizārah al-Turāth Wa al-Thaqāfah.
ʾIbn Fāris, ʾAḥmad Bin Fāris. 1997. al-Ṣāḥibī Fī Fiqh al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyyah Wa Masāʾilihā Wa Sunan al-ʿArab Fī Kalāmihā. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
ʾIbn Ḥazm, ʿAlī Bin Muḥammad. 1960. Mulakhaṣ ʾIbṭāl al-Qiyās Wa al-Raʾy Wa al-ʾIstiḥsān Wa al-Taqlīd Wa al-Taʿlīl. Dimashq: Maṭbaʿah Jāmiʿah Dimashq.
ʾIbn Ḥazm, ʿAlī Bin Muḥammad. 1988. al-Durrah Fī Mā Yajibu ʾIʿtiqāduhu. al-Qāhirah: Maṭbaʿah al-Madanī.
ʾIbn Manẓūr, ʾAḥmad Bin Mukrim. 2005. Lisān al-ʿArab. Bayrūt: Dār Ṣādir.
ʾIbn Rashīq, al-Ḥusayn. 2001. Lubāb al-Maḥṣūl Min ʿIlm al-ʾUṣūl. al-ʾImārāt al-ʿArabiyyah al-Muttaḥidah: Dār al-Buḥūth Li al-Dirāsāt al-ʾIslāmiyyah Wa ʾIḥyāʾ al-Turāth.
Mannūn, ʿĪsā al-Shāmi. 2003. Nibrās al-ʿUqūl Fī Taḥqīq al-Qiyās ʿInda ʿUlamāʾ al-ʾUṣūl. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
Mayādah, Muḥammad al-Ḥasan. 2000. al-Taʿlīl Bi al-Shabah Wa ʾAtharuhu Fī al-Qiyās ʿInda al-ʾUṣūliyyin. al-Riyāḍ: Maktabah al-Rushd.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The IIUM journal follows the open access policy.
Consent to publish: The Author(s) agree to publish their articles with IIUM Press.
Declaration: The Author(s) declare that the article has not been published before in any form and that it is not concurrently submitted to another publication, and also that it does not infringe on anyone’s copyright. The Author(s) holds the IIUM Press and Editors of the journal harmless against all copyright claims.
Transfer of copyright: The Author(s) hereby agree to transfer the copyright of the article to IIUM Press, which shall have the exclusive and unlimited right to publish the article in any form, including in electronic media. However, the Author(s) will reserve the right to reproduce the article for educational and scientific purposes provided that the written consent of the Publisher is obtained. For the article with more than one author, the corresponding author confirms that he/she is authorized by his/her co-author(s) to grant this transfer of copyright.
