Endowed Agricultural Lands in the Kenyan Coast: A Juristic View on Problems and their Solutions
الأراضي الزراعية الوقفية في ساحل كينيا: رؤية فقهية في المشكلات والحلول
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v3i2.157Abstract
The history of endowments in the Kenyan coast dates back to the advent of Islam in this region. The first endowments in the Kenyan coast were mosques made of mud. This is because the early Muslims (Arabs) were business merchants who were not permanently living within the coast. They often used to come to the coast and set off for the Arabian Peninsula. The first endowment to be established in this region was the Friday congregational mosque at Shanga – a village in Pate island in Lamu county, dating back to 870 A.D. Later on, Muslims endowed the agricultural lands after noticing that the region’s land was fertile and suitable for agriculture, experiencing adequate rainfall and had a moderate climate throughout the year. However, these agricultural lands had been leased out for 99 years wherein the waqf commission received very little rent throughout this period until the expiry of the contract. Moreover, a large number of tenants refused to pay an annual rent for the real estates. So, Muslims incurred a great loss due to lack of proper usage of their resources. In order to avoid these problems, the researcher sees the need to establish agricultural projects such as the growing of mangoes, oranges, and bananas so that the income obtained can be used to benefit the Muslim community.
Keywords: Endowments, Agricultural lands, Kenyan Coast.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Abdul-Rahman Hassan Mahmud, al-Islām Wa al-Masīḥiyyah fī Sharq Afrīqiyā min al-Qarn 18 – 20, (Beirut: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdat al-ʽArabiyyah, 1stedn., 2011).
Abdul-Rahman Zakī, al-Islām Wa al-Ḥaḍārat al-Islāmiyyah fī Sharq Afrīqiyā, al-Majallat al-Tārikhiyyah al-Maṣriyyah, no.21).
Abu Abdillah Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ḥambal bin Hilāl bin Asad al-Shaybānī, Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad bin Ḥambal, Taḥqīq Ahmad Muhammad Shakir, (Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1stedn., 1416 A.H/1995A.D).
Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Anṣārī al-Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʽ li Aḥkām al-Qur̕ān, (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʽIlmiyyah, 1stedn., 1408 A.H).
Abu Muhammad Mahmud bin Ahmad bin Musa bin Ahmad Hussein badr al-Dīn al-ʽAynī, al-Bināyah fī Sharḥ al-Hidāyah, (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʽIlmiyyah, without edition number, no date).
Ahmad al-Ṣaḥṭāwī al-Ḥanafī, Ḥāshiyat al-Ṣaḥṭāwī ʽalā al-Dur al-Mukhtār (Beirut: Dār al-Maʽarifah, without edition number, no date).
Ahmad bin Muhammad al-Ṣāwī, Bulghat al-Sālik li Aqrab al-Masālik ilā Madhhab al-Imām Mālik, (Beirut: Dār Iḥyāi al-Kutub al-ʽArabiyyah, 1stedn., no date).
Ahmad Muhammad al-Hussein bin Masʽūd al-Farrā̕ al-Baghawī, Sharḥ al-Sunnah, (Egypt: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1stedn., 1400 A.H).
al-ʽAsqalānī, al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn al-Ḥajar, Fath al-Bārī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, (Cairo: Dār al-Rayyān li al-Turāth, 1st edn., 1407 A.H)
Al-Azharī, Abu Manṣūr Muhammad bin Ahmad, al-Zāhir fī Gharīb Alfāẓ al-Shāfiʽī alladhī audaʽahu al-Muznī fī Mukhtaṣarihi, Taḥqīq Muhammad Jabr al-Ulfī, (Kuwait: Maṭbūʽāt Wizārat al-Awqāf, 1st edn.,1399 A.H/1979 A.D).
Al-Fayūmī, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ali al-Muqrī, al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr fī Gharīb al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr li al-Rāfiʽī, (Beirut: al-Maktabat al-ʽIlmiyyah, without edition number, no date).
Ali Ahmad al-Nadwī, al-Qawāʽid al-Fiqhiyyah, (Damascus: Dār al-ʽIlm, 3rd edn., 1414 A.H/1994 A.D).
Al-Ifrīqī, Abu al-Faḍl Jamāl al-Dīn Muhammad bin Mukrim bin Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʽArab, (Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 3rdedn., no date).
Al-Jazharī, Abū Naṣr Ismāʽīl bin Hammād, al-Ṣiḥāḥ al-Musammā Tāj al-Lughah Wa Ṣiḥāḥ al-ʽArabiyyah, (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, ).
Al-Muqri̕ Ahmad bin Muhammad al-Fayūmī, al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr, (Beirut: al-Maktabat al-ʽAṣriyyah li al-Ṭibāʽah, 2edn., ).
Bennett, G,Kenya a political History, The colonial period, oxford university press, Nairobi, 1963.
EITZNER,I.sandPRICE,m.l,AmaranthToZaiHoles,IdeasforGrowingFood Under Difficult Conditions, Echo, U.S.A., 1996, Pg. 170-172.
ETAL, h, t. h “Plant Propagation- Principles Practices,” New Delhi,110001, India, 1993.
Hassan Ibrahim Hassan, Tārīkh al-Islām al-Siyāsī al-Dīnī al-Thaqāfī al-Ijtimāʽī, (Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahḍat al-Maṣriyyah, 1st edn., 1991).
Ibn Zakariyya, Ibn al-Hussein Ahmad bin Fāris, Muʽjam al-Maqāyīs fī al-Lughah, (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1979).
Ibn Zakariyya, Yahya bin Sharaf al-Nawawī, Sharḥ al-Nawawī ʽala Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Muʽāṣir, with edition number, no date).
Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin al-Mufliḥ, al-Mubdiʽ Sharḥ al-Muqniʽ (Riyadh: Dār ʽᾹlam al-Kutub, 2003).
Kahumbi, M.N. The role of Madrassa system in muslim education in Kenya, in bakari, Mand islam in Kenya, signal press limited, Nairobi Kenya.
Malik bin Anas bin Malik bin Malik bin ʽᾹmir al-Aṣbaḥī al-Madanī, Muwaṭṭa̕ al-Imām Mālik, Taḥqīq Bashār ʽAwād Maʽarūf Wa Mahmud Khalīl, (Beirut: Mu̕assasat al-Risālah).
Middleton, J, The world of the Swahili, Yale university press, London Pouwel, r.l, The East African Coast, in levtzon, r and pouwel, r,l (eds) The history of islam in Africa.
Muhammad bin Abdul-Rahman bin al-Abbas bin Abdul-Rahman bin Zakariyya al-Baghdādī al-Mukhalliṣ, ( Qatar: Wizārat al-Awqāf Wa Shu̕ūn al-Islāmiyyah li Dawlat Qatar, 1st edn., 1429 A.H/2008 A.D).
Muhammad Mahmud Ahmad al-ʽAynī, al-Bidāyat Sharḥ al-Hidāyah, (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1st edn., 1400 A.H/1980 A.D).
Pouwels, rl , The History of Islam in Africa, Ohio university press, America, 2000.
Shaikh Hassan, al-Riyāḍ Mā Bayn Mādīhī Waḥāḍirihi, (Kenya: 1st edn., 1410 A.H/1989 A.D).
Tāj al-Sir Ahmad Ḥayrān, al-Aqaliyyat al-Muslimah fī Kīniyā, Risālat Muqaddamat li Nayl Darajat Dakṭūrāh min Jāmiʽat al-Imām Muhammad bin Saʽūd al-Islāmiyyah.
Yahya bin Sharaf al-Nawawī Muḥy al-Dīn Abu Zakariyya, al-Majmūʽ Sharḥ al-Muhadhab, (Cairo: Dār Iḥyā̕ al-Turāth al-ʽArabī, 1st edn., 1415 A.H/1995 A.D).
Yahya, S, The uses and abuses of wakf, in Bakari, M. and Yahya, Islam in Kenya.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 IIUM Press
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The IIUM journal follows the open access policy.
Consent to publish: The Author(s) agree to publish their articles with IIUM Press.
Declaration: The Author(s) declare that the article has not been published before in any form and that it is not concurrently submitted to another publication, and also that it does not infringe on anyone’s copyright. The Author(s) holds the IIUM Press and Editors of the journal harmless against all copyright claims.
Transfer of copyright: The Author(s) hereby agree to transfer the copyright of the article to IIUM Press, which shall have the exclusive and unlimited right to publish the article in any form, including in electronic media. However, the Author(s) will reserve the right to reproduce the article for educational and scientific purposes provided that the written consent of the Publisher is obtained. For the article with more than one author, the corresponding author confirms that he/she is authorized by his/her co-author(s) to grant this transfer of copyright.
