Consuming Prohibited Substances in Sport Activities: A Legal and Shariah Perspective

تعاطي المنشـطات المحظـورة في الأنشـطة الرياضـية: رؤيـة قانونيـة شـرعـية

Authors

  • Ahmad Saad Ahmad al-Dafrawi Phd, Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Mohamad Asmadi bin Abdullah Assoc. Prof., Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Majdah Zawawi Assoc. Prof., Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Zainudin bin Ismail Assist. Prof., Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, International Islamic University Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v2iSpcl.77

Abstract

An era of fair sports competitions ended. Hence, having distinctive genetic qualities that makes an athlete superior to the others is no more a requirement for success in competitions. In our time, everything is possible to produce, and the athlete is no exception, by enhancing the athlete’s level by prohibited substances or by Gene doping. WADA Code was a disciplinary legal tool to address this phenomenon, but the biggest problem it faced was to establish its rules according to the spirit of the Ethics' Code and its inconsistency with penal legislation. Another problem addressed by this research is doping acts are inconsistent with the Maqasid of Shariah. To accomplish this objective, two research approaches were employed: descriptive, and analytical. Important results are the lack of adequate legal tools to deal with the phenomenon. Also, confirming the inviolability of doping.

Keywords: Doping, Prohibited Substances, Anti-Doping Rules, Inviolability of Doping, Maqasid of Shariah

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Al-Dāfrawīy, Aḥmad SaꜤad Aḥmad. 2018. “TaꜤāṭīy al-Mūnshīṭat al-Jāsadīyyah Fī al-Mūnafāsaṭ al-Rīyaḍyyah: Mīn Manẓūr Ākhlaqīy Qānūni. Mājllāt al-ꜤŪlūm as-Sīyyasīyyah Wa al-Qānūn. Mūjallad: 02, al-ꜤAdad: 09, Bārlīn. Retrieved on August 14, 2018 from: https://democraticac.de/
Al-Lājnāh al-SāꜤūdīyyah Līl Rīqābah Alā al-Mūnshīṭat. 2015. “al-Lā,īḥa al-SāꜤūdīyyah Lī al- Rīqābah Alā al-Mūnshīṭat Fī al-Rīyāḍah LīyꜤm 2015”. Mūlḥaq Rāqmū (1). Retrieved on August 15, 2018 from: http://saadc.com/doc/9/
Al-Lājnāh al-Ūlīmbīyyah al-Ūrdūniyyah. 2009. QawaꜤid Mūkafāḥt Al-Mūnshīṭat.
Al-Mūnāẓmah al-Ūrdūniyyah Lī Mūkafāḥt al-Mūnshīṭat (JADO). Bīt-TāꜤawn MāꜤa al-WaKalīh al-ꜤAlāmīyyah Lī Mūkafāḥt al-Mūnshīṭat. 2008. al- Mūrshīd. Ammān. al-Mamlakah al-Ūrdūnyyah al-Hāshīmyyah.
Al-Mūnāẓmah al-Ūrdūnyyah Lī Mūkafāḥt al-Mūnshīṭat (JADO). 2008. ꜤUqūbātū TaꜤāṭī al-Mūnshīṭat. Ammān.
Al-Naysābūrī, Muslim bin al-Ḥajjāj. 2010. Saḥiḥ Muslim. Taḥqīq: Khalīl Māmūn Shīḥaā. Dār Al-MāꜤrifah.
Al-SanËsÊ, ꜤAbd al-RaÍman bin MuꜤumar. 2003. AꜤtībār al-Mālat Wa MurꜤat Nataīj al-Tasarūfat: Dīrasah Mūqaranah Fi Usul al-Fiqh Wa Maqāṣid al-ShariꜤah. Dammam: Dār Ibnu Al-Jawzy.
Al-Tirmidhī, Abū ꜤĪsā Muḥammad bin ꜤĪsā bin ꜤĪsā bin Sawrah. 2007. Sunan At-Tirmidhi. Taḥqīq: ꜤIzzt ꜤUbyd al-DꜤās. Dimashq: Dār Ibnū Kathīr.
Al-Ūbīy, Muḥammad SāꜤd bin Ahmad bin MāsꜤūd. 1998. Maqāṣid al-ShariꜤah al-Islāmiyyah Wa ꜤIlaqātīyha Bī al-Adīllah al-SharꜤīyyah. Riyād: Dār al-Hījrah.
Al-Zārqa, Ahmad bin Muḥammad. 2012. Sharḥ al-QawaꜤid al-Fiqhiyyah. Dimashq: Dāru Al-Qalam.
Anti-Doping Agency Malaysia (2011). “ADAMAS INFO”, Background, Retrieved on August 16, 2018 from:http://www.adamas.gov.my/en/latar-belakang/mengenai-kami.html
Dā’īrat Al-Iftā’ al-Āam. 2014. Qarār Raqmū (2010/1) (136) Ḥūkm Tanāwal al-Mūnshīṭat al-Rīyaḍiyah. Ammān. Retrieved on August 15, 2018 from: http://www.aliftaa.jo/Decision.aspx?DecisionId=138#.Wwk7E0iFPIU
Dwn Asm. 2008. Al-Mūnjīd Fi Al-Lūghah Wā Al-AꜤlam. Bayrūt: Dārul-Mashrīq.
Fāyīz, Māḥmūd ꜤAbdul-MūnꜤIm. 2004. al-Masūliyyah al-Tādībīyyah Līḍūbat al-Shūrtah- Dīrasah Mūqaranah. Cairo: MātābīꜤ al-Shūrtah.
Hārtīl, Yūdīyt, ꜤAbdul ꜤAzīyz, M. 2009. MūrājaꜤt Tārīq Ānkāīy, al-Jīynāt al-Wīrāthīyyah, Mūnshīṭatūl Mūstāqbīl?”, Dūycha Wīyll. Retrieved on August 14, 2018 from: https://www.dw.com/
Ḥīrzū Allah, Abdūl-Qādīr. 2007. Ḍawābit AꜤtībār al-Maqāṣid Fi Majāl al-Ijtīhād Wā Athrūha al-Fiqhy. Riyād: Maqtabatū al-Rūshd Nāshirūn.
Ḥjazy, Aḥmed Tāwfiq. 2011. al-LaꜤib Bīmūsqqīnat al-Alām. Ammān: Dār ꜤAlamū Ath-Thaqafah.
Hornby, A. S. & Crowther, J. (1998). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of current English, (6th ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ibn Manẓūr, Jamāl al-Dīn Abu al-Faḍl Muḥammad bin Mākram. 2003. Lisān al-ʿArab. Bayrūt: Dāru Al-Kūtb Al-Ꜥilmiyah.
Llewellyn, W. (2000). Anabolic 2000 - Anabolic Steroids Reference Manual. Colorado: Anabolics.com, Inc.
Minigh, J. L. (2007). Sports Medicine. (1sted,). Connecticut: GREENWOOD PRESS.
Mūnāẓmat Gharbū Asīya Lī Mūkafāḥt al-Mūnshīṭat. 2009. Mūrshīd al-LāꜤibīn al-Tāthqīfy Lī Mūkafāḥt al-Mūnshīṭat. al-WaKalīh al-ꜤAlāmīyyah Lī Mūkafāḥt al-Mūnshīṭat. Bīt-TāꜤawn MāꜤaa-Majlīs al-Asyāwīy al-Ūlīmbīy Wa al- Mūnāẓmah al-Ūrdūnyyah Lī Mūkafāḥt ql-Mūnshīṭat.
Rayaḍ, Usāma. al-Tībb al-Rayaḍy Wa IꜤdad al-Mūntakhabat al-Ulīmbīyyah. Riyād: Muassassat Al-Mūmtaz.
Sālāmah, Ahmad ꜤAbdul-Karīm. 2007. al-Usul al-Manhajiyyah li ‘idad al-Būḥuth al-Ꜥilmiyah. Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-Arabi.
Tamburrini, C. (2007). “After Doping, What? The Morality of the Genetic Engineering of Athletes”, In: Morgan, W. J. (Eds.), Ethics in SPORT, (2nd ed.). Illinois: Human Kinetics.
World Anti-Doping Code 2015/ Appendix One-Definitions, World Anti-Doping Agency. Page (130), Retrieved on August 14, 2018 from: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/wada-2015-world-anti-doping-code.pdf
Yesalis, C. E & Cowart, V. S. (1998). The Steroids Game - An expert’s inside look at anabolic steroids use in sports, Illinois: Human Kinetics.
Zīyādāt, ꜤAyīd Ḥanna. 2000. Madā Astīkhdam al-Mūnshīṭaṭ Fi Maraqīz al-Līyāqah al-Badanīyyah Wa Bīnaʾ al-Ajsam Fi Al-ꜤAsīmah Amman. Jami‘at Al-Yīrmūk, Amman, Al-Urdūn.
ꜤAbd al-Qadīr, Mūwafaq bin ꜤAbdullah. 2011. Manhj al-Būḥth al-ꜤIlmiy Wa Kitabat al-Rasaīl al-ꜤIlmiyah. Riyād: Dār al-Tawḥīd.
ꜤAtiyyah, Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad. 2008. Naḥwa TafꜤil Maqāṣid Al-ShariꜤah. Fīrjinīya: al-MāꜤhad al-ꜤAlīmy Lī al-Fikr al-Islamī.

Published

25-10-2018

How to Cite

al-Dafrawi, A. S. A., Abdullah, M. A. bin, Zawawi, M., & Ismail, Z. bin. (2018). Consuming Prohibited Substances in Sport Activities: A Legal and Shariah Perspective: تعاطي المنشـطات المحظـورة في الأنشـطة الرياضـية: رؤيـة قانونيـة شـرعـية. International Journal of Fiqh and Usul Al-Fiqh Studies, 2(Spcl), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v2iSpcl.77