THE PERCEPTION OF GOVERNMENT CIVIL SERVANTS ON THE IMPACTS OF TOURISM ON THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/ijema.v23i2.334Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the perceptions of civil servants in Kota Bharu on how tourism impacts are associated with their quality of life (QoL). A logistic regression is employed where one hundred participants took part in the survey. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses are the techniques used in this study. The results show that quality of life is significantly influenced by the economic and social impacts of tourism.Â
References
Abas, S. A., and M. H. Hanafiah. “Local Community Attitudes Towards Tourism Development in Tioman Island.†Paper presented at the 6th Tourism Outlook Conference, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malayisa, 22-24 April 2013.
Adanan, Akmal. “Tourism Development and its Impacts to Residents’ Quality of Life: Case of Tioman Island.†MA thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 2009.
Ahmed, Z. U., and F. B. Krohn. “International Tourism, Marketing and Quality of Life in the Third World: India, a Case in Point.†In Development in Quality of Life Studies in Marketing 4, edited by M. H. Sirgy, D. Meadow, D. Rahtz, and A. C. Samli, 150-6. Blacksburg, Virginia, 1992.
Akis, S., N. Peristianis, and J. Warner. “Residents’ Attitudes to Tourism Development: The Case of Cyprus.†Tourism Management 17, no.7 (1996): 481-94.
Akmal, A. M., O. Aman, and F. Rahmiati. “The Impact of Tourism Innovation on Quality of Life of Residents in the Community: A Case Study of Sungai Melaka.†Journal of Human Capital Development 6, no.1 (2013): 27-39.
Allen, L. R. “Benefits of Leisure Attributes to Community Satisfaction.†Journal of Leisure Research 22 (1990): 183-96.
Allen, L. R., P. T. Long, R. R. Perdue, and S. Kieselbach. “The Impact of Tourism Development on Resident’s Perception of Community’s Life.†Journal of Travel Research 27, no.1 (1988): 17-21.
Andereck, K. L., and C. Jurowski. “Tourism and Quality of Life.†In Quality Tourism Experiences, edited by Gayle Jennings and Norma P. Nickerson, 136-54. London: Elsevier, 2006.
Ap, J., and J. L. Crompton. “Developing and Testing a Tourism Impact Scale.†Journal of Travel Research 37, no. 2 (1998): 120-30.
Ap, J., and J. L. Crompton. “Resident Strategies for Responding to Tourism Impacts.†Journal of Travel Research 32, no. 1 (1993): 47-9.
Bastias-Perez, P., and T. Var. “Perceived Impacts of Tourism by Residents.†Annals of Tourism Research 22 (1995): 208-10.
Belisle, F. J., and D. R. Hoy. “The Perceived Impact of Tourism by Residents.†Annals of Tourism Research 7 (1980): 83-101.
Bilangan Perjawatan Pengisian Perbezaan Mengikut Kementerian dan SUK. http://www.jpa.gov.my/status/index3_1.html (accessed June 30, 2014).
Brunt, P., and P. Courtney. “Host Perceptions of Sociocultural Impacts.†Annals of Tourism Research 26 (1999): 493–515.
Butler, R. W. “Tourism as an Agent of Social Change.†In Tourism as a Factor in National and Regional Development, Department of Geography Occasional Paper 4, 85-90, Peterborough, Ontario: Trent University, 1975.
Choi, H. S., and E. Sirakaya. “Measuring Residents’ Attitude Toward Sustainable Tourism: Development of Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale.†Journal of Travel Research 43 (2005): 380-94.
Chung, D. T. A., Azizi Muda, Kamaruddin Shamsuddin. “Residents’ Perception Of Tourism Impacts on the Social and Visual Qualities of Pulau Tioman.†Paper presented at the Second National Conference on Society, Space and Environment, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2-3 June 2009.
Cooper, C., J. Fletcher, D. Gilbert, and S. Wanhill. Tourism: Principles and Practice. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1993.
Dyer, P., D. Gursoy, B. Sharma, and J. Carter. “Structural Modeling of Resident Perceptions of Tourism and Associated Development on the Sunshine Coast, Australia.†Tourism Management 28 (2007): 409-22.
Fanon, F. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press, 1966.
Farell B. H., and R. W. McLellan. “Tourism and Physical Environment Research.†Annals of Tourism Research 14, no.1 (1987):1-16.
Field, A. Discovering Statistics using SPSS. 3rd ed. London: Sage, 2009.
Ghani, N. A., S. M. Yassin, W. I. W. Ahmad, and W. S. W. Abdullah. “The Quality of Life (QoL) of the Island People in the State of Terengganu, Malaysia: A Study on Pulau Redang and Pulau Perhentian.†Canadian Social Science 7, no. 3 (2011): 59-70.
Glasson, J., K. Godfrey, and B. Goodey. Toward Visitor Impact Management. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. 1995.
Green, H., C. Hunter, and B. Moore. “Assessing the Environmental Impact of Tourism Development: Use of the Delphi Technique.†Tourism Management 11, no. 2 (1990): 111-20.
Greenwood, D. “Culture by the Pound: Anthropological Perspective on Tourism as Culture Commoditization.†In Hosts and Guests, edited by V. L. Smith, 129-38, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1977.
Hair, J. F., R. P. Bush, and D. J. Ortinau. Marketing Research: Within a Changing Information Environment. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Irwin, 2003.
Hanafiah, M. H., and M. R. Jamaluddin “Local Community Attitude and Support Towards Tourism Development in Tioman Island, Malaysia.†Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 105, (2013): 792-800.
Haralambopoulos, N., and A. Pizam. “Perceived Impacts of Tourism: The Case of Samos.†Annals of Tourism Research, 23 (1996): 503-26.
Hin, T. W. “Issues and Challenges in Island Tourism Development: the Case of Pangkor Island.†In Tourism Research in Malaysia, edited by K. Din and J. Mapjabil, 179-95. Sintok: Universiti Utara Malaysia Press, 2010.
Hosmer, D. W., and S. Lemeshow. Applied Logistic Regression. New York: Wiley. 1989.
Husband, W. “Social Status and Perception of Tourism in Zambia.†Annals of Tourism Research 16 (1989): 237-55.
Ibrahim, Y. “Tourism Development and Community Perception Toward Socio-Cultural Change in Tioman Island.†In Tourism Research in Malaysia, edited by K. Din and J. Mapjabil, 159-78. Sintok: Universiti Utara Malaysia Press, 2010.
Kousis, M. “Tourism and the Family in a Rural Cretan Community.†Annals of Tourism Research 16, no. 3 (1989): 318-32.
Lankford, S. V., and D. R. Howard. “Attitudes and Perceptions Toward Tourism and Rural Regional Development.†Journal of Travel Research 32, no.3 (1994): 35-43.
Ling, L. P., S. Jakpar, A. Johari, K. T. Myint, and N. S. A. Rani, “An Evaluation on the Attitudes of Residents in Georgetown Towards the Impacts of Tourism Development.†International Journal of Business and Social Science 2, no. 1 (2011): 264-77.
Liu, J. C., and T. Var. “Resident Attitudes Towards Tourism Impacts in Hawaii.†Annals of Tourism Research 13 (1986): 193-214.
Liu, J. C., P. J. Sheldon, and T. Var. “Resident Perception of the Environmental Impacts of Tourism.†Annals of Tourism Research 14 (1987): 17-37.
Marzuki, Azizan. “Resident Attitudes Towards Impacts from Tourism Development in Langkawi Island, Malaysia.†Special Issue of Tourism and Hospitality, World Applied Sciences Journal 12 (2011): 25-34.
McCool, S., and S. Martin. “Community Attachment and Attitudes Towards Tourism Development.†Journal of Travel Research 32, no. 3 (1994): 29-34.
Milman, A., and A. Pizam. “Social Impacts of Tourism on Central Florida.†Annals of Tourism Research 15, no. 2 (1988): 191-204.
Morris, D. “The Physical Quality of Life Index.†Development Digest 18, no. 1 (1980): 95–109.
Moscardo, G., ed. Building Community Capacity for Tourism Development. Oxfordshire: CAB International, 2008.
Nkemngu, A-A. P. “Quality of Life and Tourism Impacts: A Community Perspective.†African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 4, no. 1 (2015): 1-13.
Pearce, L. P. “From Culture Shock and Culture Arrogance to Culture Exchange: Ideas towards Sustainable Socio-Cultural Tourism.†Journal of Sustainable Tourism 3 (1996): 143-54.
Perdue, R. R, P. Long, and L. Allen. “Resident Support for Tourism Development.†Annals of Tourism Research 17 (1990): 586-99.
Pizam, A. “Tourism’s Impacts: the Social Costs to the Destination Community as Perceived by its Residents.†Journal of Travel Research 16, no. 4 (1978): 8-12.
Prentice, R. “Community Driven Tourism Planning and Residents’ Preferences.†Tourism Management 14, no. 2 (1993): 218-27.
Roscoe, J. T. Fundamental Research Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1975.
Ross, G. F. “Resident Perceptions of the Impact of Tourism on an Australian City.†Journal of Travel Research 30, no. 3 (1992): 13-17.
Ryan, C., A. Schotland, and D. Montgomery. “Residental Attitudes to Tourism Development: A Comparative Study between Rangitikei, New Zealand and Bakewell, United Kingdom.†Tourism and Hospitality Research 4, no. 2 (1998): 115-30.
Schalock, R. L., and G. N. Siperstein, ed. Quality of life (Vol. 1): Conceptualization and Measurement. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation. 1996.
Seers, D. “The Meaning of Development†In Development Theory: Four Critical Studies, edited by D. Lehman, 9-30. London, UK: Frank Cass, 1979.
Sekaran, U. Research Methods for Business. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2003.
Tooman, L. A. “Tourism and Development.†Journal of Travel Research 35, no. 3 (1997): 33-40.
Tosun, C. “Host Perceptions of Impacts: A Comparative Tourism Study.†Annals of Tourism Research 29 (2002): 231-53.
Tourist Arrivals and Tourism Receipts in Malaysia. Tourism Malaysia Board, Facts and Figures,
http://corporate.tourism.gov.my/research.asp?page=facts_figures (accessed December 12, 2013).
Tourist Arrivals in Kelantan, Kelantan Darul Naim Facts and Figures, issues 2011/2012, 2013.
Turtureanu, Anca. “Tourism Products: Characteristics and Forms.†Economica 1, no. 1 (2005): 141-57.
Tyrrell, T. J., and I. A. Spaulding. “A Survey of Attitudes Toward Tourism Growth in Rhode Island.†Hospitality Education and Research Journal (1984): 822-33.
Var, J., and S. Kim. Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism: A Practical Guide. 3rd ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall, 1990.
Weaver, D., and Lawton, L. “Resident Perceptions in the Urban-Rural Fringe.†Annals of Tourism Research 28, no. 2 (2001): 439-58.
Witt, C. “Modern Tourism-Fostering or Destroying Culture?†Tourism Management 11, no. 2 (1990): 178-9.
Young, R. C., “The Structural Context of the Caribbean Tourist Industry: A Comparative Study.†Economic Development and Cultural Change 25, no. 4 (1977): 625-72.
Zaei, M. E., and M. E. Zaei. “The Impacts of Tourism Industry on Host Community.†European Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Research 1, no. 2 (2013): 12-21.
Adanan, Akmal. “Tourism Development and its Impacts to Residents’ Quality of Life: Case of Tioman Island.†MA thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 2009.
Ahmed, Z. U., and F. B. Krohn. “International Tourism, Marketing and Quality of Life in the Third World: India, a Case in Point.†In Development in Quality of Life Studies in Marketing 4, edited by M. H. Sirgy, D. Meadow, D. Rahtz, and A. C. Samli, 150-6. Blacksburg, Virginia, 1992.
Akis, S., N. Peristianis, and J. Warner. “Residents’ Attitudes to Tourism Development: The Case of Cyprus.†Tourism Management 17, no.7 (1996): 481-94.
Akmal, A. M., O. Aman, and F. Rahmiati. “The Impact of Tourism Innovation on Quality of Life of Residents in the Community: A Case Study of Sungai Melaka.†Journal of Human Capital Development 6, no.1 (2013): 27-39.
Allen, L. R. “Benefits of Leisure Attributes to Community Satisfaction.†Journal of Leisure Research 22 (1990): 183-96.
Allen, L. R., P. T. Long, R. R. Perdue, and S. Kieselbach. “The Impact of Tourism Development on Resident’s Perception of Community’s Life.†Journal of Travel Research 27, no.1 (1988): 17-21.
Andereck, K. L., and C. Jurowski. “Tourism and Quality of Life.†In Quality Tourism Experiences, edited by Gayle Jennings and Norma P. Nickerson, 136-54. London: Elsevier, 2006.
Ap, J., and J. L. Crompton. “Developing and Testing a Tourism Impact Scale.†Journal of Travel Research 37, no. 2 (1998): 120-30.
Ap, J., and J. L. Crompton. “Resident Strategies for Responding to Tourism Impacts.†Journal of Travel Research 32, no. 1 (1993): 47-9.
Bastias-Perez, P., and T. Var. “Perceived Impacts of Tourism by Residents.†Annals of Tourism Research 22 (1995): 208-10.
Belisle, F. J., and D. R. Hoy. “The Perceived Impact of Tourism by Residents.†Annals of Tourism Research 7 (1980): 83-101.
Bilangan Perjawatan Pengisian Perbezaan Mengikut Kementerian dan SUK. http://www.jpa.gov.my/status/index3_1.html (accessed June 30, 2014).
Brunt, P., and P. Courtney. “Host Perceptions of Sociocultural Impacts.†Annals of Tourism Research 26 (1999): 493–515.
Butler, R. W. “Tourism as an Agent of Social Change.†In Tourism as a Factor in National and Regional Development, Department of Geography Occasional Paper 4, 85-90, Peterborough, Ontario: Trent University, 1975.
Choi, H. S., and E. Sirakaya. “Measuring Residents’ Attitude Toward Sustainable Tourism: Development of Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale.†Journal of Travel Research 43 (2005): 380-94.
Chung, D. T. A., Azizi Muda, Kamaruddin Shamsuddin. “Residents’ Perception Of Tourism Impacts on the Social and Visual Qualities of Pulau Tioman.†Paper presented at the Second National Conference on Society, Space and Environment, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2-3 June 2009.
Cooper, C., J. Fletcher, D. Gilbert, and S. Wanhill. Tourism: Principles and Practice. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1993.
Dyer, P., D. Gursoy, B. Sharma, and J. Carter. “Structural Modeling of Resident Perceptions of Tourism and Associated Development on the Sunshine Coast, Australia.†Tourism Management 28 (2007): 409-22.
Fanon, F. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press, 1966.
Farell B. H., and R. W. McLellan. “Tourism and Physical Environment Research.†Annals of Tourism Research 14, no.1 (1987):1-16.
Field, A. Discovering Statistics using SPSS. 3rd ed. London: Sage, 2009.
Ghani, N. A., S. M. Yassin, W. I. W. Ahmad, and W. S. W. Abdullah. “The Quality of Life (QoL) of the Island People in the State of Terengganu, Malaysia: A Study on Pulau Redang and Pulau Perhentian.†Canadian Social Science 7, no. 3 (2011): 59-70.
Glasson, J., K. Godfrey, and B. Goodey. Toward Visitor Impact Management. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. 1995.
Green, H., C. Hunter, and B. Moore. “Assessing the Environmental Impact of Tourism Development: Use of the Delphi Technique.†Tourism Management 11, no. 2 (1990): 111-20.
Greenwood, D. “Culture by the Pound: Anthropological Perspective on Tourism as Culture Commoditization.†In Hosts and Guests, edited by V. L. Smith, 129-38, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1977.
Hair, J. F., R. P. Bush, and D. J. Ortinau. Marketing Research: Within a Changing Information Environment. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Irwin, 2003.
Hanafiah, M. H., and M. R. Jamaluddin “Local Community Attitude and Support Towards Tourism Development in Tioman Island, Malaysia.†Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 105, (2013): 792-800.
Haralambopoulos, N., and A. Pizam. “Perceived Impacts of Tourism: The Case of Samos.†Annals of Tourism Research, 23 (1996): 503-26.
Hin, T. W. “Issues and Challenges in Island Tourism Development: the Case of Pangkor Island.†In Tourism Research in Malaysia, edited by K. Din and J. Mapjabil, 179-95. Sintok: Universiti Utara Malaysia Press, 2010.
Hosmer, D. W., and S. Lemeshow. Applied Logistic Regression. New York: Wiley. 1989.
Husband, W. “Social Status and Perception of Tourism in Zambia.†Annals of Tourism Research 16 (1989): 237-55.
Ibrahim, Y. “Tourism Development and Community Perception Toward Socio-Cultural Change in Tioman Island.†In Tourism Research in Malaysia, edited by K. Din and J. Mapjabil, 159-78. Sintok: Universiti Utara Malaysia Press, 2010.
Kousis, M. “Tourism and the Family in a Rural Cretan Community.†Annals of Tourism Research 16, no. 3 (1989): 318-32.
Lankford, S. V., and D. R. Howard. “Attitudes and Perceptions Toward Tourism and Rural Regional Development.†Journal of Travel Research 32, no.3 (1994): 35-43.
Ling, L. P., S. Jakpar, A. Johari, K. T. Myint, and N. S. A. Rani, “An Evaluation on the Attitudes of Residents in Georgetown Towards the Impacts of Tourism Development.†International Journal of Business and Social Science 2, no. 1 (2011): 264-77.
Liu, J. C., and T. Var. “Resident Attitudes Towards Tourism Impacts in Hawaii.†Annals of Tourism Research 13 (1986): 193-214.
Liu, J. C., P. J. Sheldon, and T. Var. “Resident Perception of the Environmental Impacts of Tourism.†Annals of Tourism Research 14 (1987): 17-37.
Marzuki, Azizan. “Resident Attitudes Towards Impacts from Tourism Development in Langkawi Island, Malaysia.†Special Issue of Tourism and Hospitality, World Applied Sciences Journal 12 (2011): 25-34.
McCool, S., and S. Martin. “Community Attachment and Attitudes Towards Tourism Development.†Journal of Travel Research 32, no. 3 (1994): 29-34.
Milman, A., and A. Pizam. “Social Impacts of Tourism on Central Florida.†Annals of Tourism Research 15, no. 2 (1988): 191-204.
Morris, D. “The Physical Quality of Life Index.†Development Digest 18, no. 1 (1980): 95–109.
Moscardo, G., ed. Building Community Capacity for Tourism Development. Oxfordshire: CAB International, 2008.
Nkemngu, A-A. P. “Quality of Life and Tourism Impacts: A Community Perspective.†African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 4, no. 1 (2015): 1-13.
Pearce, L. P. “From Culture Shock and Culture Arrogance to Culture Exchange: Ideas towards Sustainable Socio-Cultural Tourism.†Journal of Sustainable Tourism 3 (1996): 143-54.
Perdue, R. R, P. Long, and L. Allen. “Resident Support for Tourism Development.†Annals of Tourism Research 17 (1990): 586-99.
Pizam, A. “Tourism’s Impacts: the Social Costs to the Destination Community as Perceived by its Residents.†Journal of Travel Research 16, no. 4 (1978): 8-12.
Prentice, R. “Community Driven Tourism Planning and Residents’ Preferences.†Tourism Management 14, no. 2 (1993): 218-27.
Roscoe, J. T. Fundamental Research Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1975.
Ross, G. F. “Resident Perceptions of the Impact of Tourism on an Australian City.†Journal of Travel Research 30, no. 3 (1992): 13-17.
Ryan, C., A. Schotland, and D. Montgomery. “Residental Attitudes to Tourism Development: A Comparative Study between Rangitikei, New Zealand and Bakewell, United Kingdom.†Tourism and Hospitality Research 4, no. 2 (1998): 115-30.
Schalock, R. L., and G. N. Siperstein, ed. Quality of life (Vol. 1): Conceptualization and Measurement. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation. 1996.
Seers, D. “The Meaning of Development†In Development Theory: Four Critical Studies, edited by D. Lehman, 9-30. London, UK: Frank Cass, 1979.
Sekaran, U. Research Methods for Business. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2003.
Tooman, L. A. “Tourism and Development.†Journal of Travel Research 35, no. 3 (1997): 33-40.
Tosun, C. “Host Perceptions of Impacts: A Comparative Tourism Study.†Annals of Tourism Research 29 (2002): 231-53.
Tourist Arrivals and Tourism Receipts in Malaysia. Tourism Malaysia Board, Facts and Figures,
http://corporate.tourism.gov.my/research.asp?page=facts_figures (accessed December 12, 2013).
Tourist Arrivals in Kelantan, Kelantan Darul Naim Facts and Figures, issues 2011/2012, 2013.
Turtureanu, Anca. “Tourism Products: Characteristics and Forms.†Economica 1, no. 1 (2005): 141-57.
Tyrrell, T. J., and I. A. Spaulding. “A Survey of Attitudes Toward Tourism Growth in Rhode Island.†Hospitality Education and Research Journal (1984): 822-33.
Var, J., and S. Kim. Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism: A Practical Guide. 3rd ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall, 1990.
Weaver, D., and Lawton, L. “Resident Perceptions in the Urban-Rural Fringe.†Annals of Tourism Research 28, no. 2 (2001): 439-58.
Witt, C. “Modern Tourism-Fostering or Destroying Culture?†Tourism Management 11, no. 2 (1990): 178-9.
Young, R. C., “The Structural Context of the Caribbean Tourist Industry: A Comparative Study.†Economic Development and Cultural Change 25, no. 4 (1977): 625-72.
Zaei, M. E., and M. E. Zaei. “The Impacts of Tourism Industry on Host Community.†European Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Research 1, no. 2 (2013): 12-21.
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2015-11-30
How to Cite
Li, C. C., & Abdullah, N. S. (2015). THE PERCEPTION OF GOVERNMENT CIVIL SERVANTS ON THE IMPACTS OF TOURISM ON THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 23(2), 141–161. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijema.v23i2.334
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