EFFECT OF POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA) CONCENTRATIONS ON TENSILE PROPERTIES FOR TRANSDERMAL PATCH
Keywords:
Polylactic Acid (PLA), Flexibility, ltimate Tensile Strength, ransdermal PatchAbstract
The usage of petrochemical-based polymers is tremendous, and this is partially due to excellent mechanical properties and durability. However, with the continuous usage and development of materials, the after-use of these materials is causing huge problems for the environment. As it is non-degradable and lasts long for hundreds of years, it remains in the environment surrounding us. Conventional patches used in transdermal patches are made from non-degradable polymeric materials, thus, research on biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) is crucial for the usage as a patch. To achieve the requisite flexible properties for transdermal patches, the selection of appropriate materials should be considered. In this study, a fabricated semi-automated patch machine was utilized for the preparation of PLA film. Thus, it is crucial to optimize the PLA concentrations using this device. The tensile properties were examined with various polylactic acid (PLA) concentrations. The goal is to identify the ideal concentration that balances the flexibility and strength of the PLA film. Tensile testing was conducted on PLA films at five different concentrations (7%, 10%, 13%, and 15% ) (w/v %). Key factors such as Young’s Modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and strain at break were assessed on these PLA films. According to preliminary findings, the concentration of PLA has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of PLA films. For transdermal and cosmeceutical patches to have the right flexibility and strength, choosing the best PLA concentration is essential. A sustainable and environmentally responsible alternative to traditional non-degradable polymers can be provided by incorporating these mechanical behavior discoveries into the creation of biodegradable patches. Our research advances environmentally friendly approaches to medicine delivery and material science.
References
Current world population. Worldometer. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
Dhir, R. (2023, June 2). Nonrenewable resource: Definition, features, and examples. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nonrenewableresource.asp
Perea-Moreno, M. A., Samerón-Manzano, E., & Perea-Moreno, A. J. (2019). Biomass as Renewable Energy: Worldwide Research Trends. Sustainability 2019, Vol. 11, Page 863, 11(3), 863. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU11030863
Noor, Z. Z., Yusuf, R. O., Abba, A. H., Abu Hassan, M. A., & Mohd Din, M. F. (2013). An overview for energy recovery from municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Malaysia scenario. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 20, 378–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2012.11.050
Chen, H. L., Nath, T. K., Chong, S., Foo, V., Gibbins, C., & Lechner, A. M. (2021, March 8). The Plastic Waste Problem in Malaysia: Management, recycling and disposal of local and global plastic waste - SN Applied Sciences. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-021-04234-y
Bhatia, S. C. (n.d.). Advanced Renewable Energy Systems. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9781782422693/advanced-renewable-energy-systems
Adekunle, K. F., & Okolie, J. A. (2015). A Review of Biochemical Process of Anaerobic Digestion. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 06(03), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.4236/ABB.2015.63020 S. A. Muyibi and L. M. Evison. “Coagulation of Turbid Water and Softening of Hard Water with Moringa oleifera Seeds,” Intern Journ. Environmental Studies, 1996, Vol. 49, pp 247-259, 1996.
Duan N, Dong B, Wu B, Dai X (2012) High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge under mesophilic conditions: feasibility study. Bioresour Technol 104: 150–156.
Brack, P., Dann, S., Wijayantha, K. G. U., Adcock, P., & Foster, S. (2016, August 17). A simple, low-cost, and robust system to measure the volume of hydrogen evolved by chemical reactions with aqueous solutions. Journal of visualized experiments?: JoVE. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5091921/
Yi, J., Dong, B., Jin, J., & Dai, X. (n.d.). Effect of increasing total solids contents on anaerobic digestion of food waste under mesophilic conditions: Performance and Microbial Characteristics Analysis. PLOS ONE. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article? id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0102548
Pearse, L. F., Hettiaratchi, J. P., and Kumar, S. (2018). Towards developing a representative biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay for landfilled municipal solid waste – a review. Bioresour. Technol. 254, 312–324. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.069
Al-Wahaibi, A., Osman, A. I., Al-Muhtaseb, A. H., Alqaisi, O., Baawain, M., Fawzy, S., & Rooney, D. W. (2020, September 24). Techno-economic evaluation of biogas production from food waste via anaerobic digestion. Scientific reports. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7515879/
Silva, I. M. O., & Dionisi, D. (2020, June 8). Effect of the operating conditions on the anaerobic digestion of wheatgrass for chemicals and energy production - biomass conversion and Biorefinery. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13399-020-00735-9
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Kulliyyah of Engineering, IIUM
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.