The Relevance of Civil Religion, Pancasila, and Civil Society in Indonesia: A Sociological Analysis of Robert N. Bellah’s Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/alitqan.v10i1.287Keywords:
Civil Religion, Pancasila, Civil Society, Citizenship, Religious-Nationalism.Abstract
This paper examines Robert N. Bellah’s contribution from a sociological perspective to the notion of civil religion and its relevance to Pancasila and civil society in Indonesia. Its goal is to address the influence of civil religion on the development of Indonesian society and the contribution of civil religion, Pancasila, and civil society to the emergence of religious nationalism. A qualitative method is used to review existing literature on this subject, including documentation methodologies, and researchers compile data on the role of civil religion in the context of a nation-state such as Indonesia. The study’s conclusion includes several noteworthy findings. First, civil religion plays a crucial role in the formation of civil society, through which nationalist values can be created and conflicts based on religion and race can be prevented. Second, the relationship between Pancasila, civil society, and civil religion forms the state ideology of Indonesia on the foundational ideas of civil religion.
Downloads
References
A’la, Abd. Agama Tanpa Penganut: Memudarnya Nilai-Nilai Moralitas Dan Signifikansi Pengembangan Teologis Kritis. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2009.
Bellah, Robert N & Hammond, Phillip E. Varietes of Civil Religion. San Francisco: Harper & Row Publishers, 1980.
Bellah, Robert N. The Broken Covenant; American Civil Religion in Time of Trial. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Bortolini, Matteo. “The Trap of Intellectual Success: Robert N. Bellah, the American Civil Religion Debate, and the Sociology of Knowledge.” Theory and Society 41, no. 01 (2012): 187–210.
Chamankhah, Leila. “From Political Islam to Civil Religion: The Possibilities of a Pluralistic Constitution and Its Impact on Human Rights in Post Revolutionary Iran.” Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf Dan Pemikiran Islam 12, no. 1 (2022): 125–44. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034670507000502.
Destyanto, Twin Yoshua R., Rikardo P. Sianipar, Andreas E. Nugroho, and Twin Hosea W. Kristyanto. “Civil Society and Civil Islam Implementation on Inter-Religious Tolerance in Indonesia: A Phenomenological Study.” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Science, Humanity and Public Health (ICOSHIP 2021) 645, no. Icoship 2021 (2022): 11–15. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220207.002.
Ghoni, Abdul. “Titik Temu Konsep Pancasila and Civil Religion Perspektif Robert N Bellah.” Inovatif 4, no. 1 (2018): 56–62.
Herlindah, Herlindah, Indah Dwi Qurbani, and Dorra Prisilia. “The Existence of Pancasila in Resolving Conflicts of Differing Views on Religious Rights in Indonesia.” Diponegoro Law Review 7, no. 2 (2022): 212–29. https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.7.2.2022.212-229.
Hilmy, Masdar. “The Politics of Multicultural Citizenship: Problems, Challenges and Prospects of Civil Religion Institutionalization in Indonesia.” JICSA 05, no. 01 (2016): 1–3.
Irham, Muhammad Aqil. “Civil Religion Dan Masa Depan Umat Beragama Di Indonesia: Mempertemukan Ideologi Keagamaan Dan Ideologi Kebangsaan Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung Abstrak Keywords : Civil Religion , Religious Ideology , Ideology National.” Al-Adyan 12, no. 2 (2017): 145–58.
Kardiman, Yuyus, Suwarma Al Muchtar, Aim Abdulkarim, and Sapriya. “Pancasila and Civilized Society” 418, no. Acec 2019 (2020): 380–85. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200320.072.
Khalik, Abu Tholib. “Negara Adil Makmur Dalam Perspektif Founding Fathers Negara Indonesia Dan Filosof Muslim.” Jurnal THEOLOGIA 27, no. 1 (2016): 147–72. https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2016.27.1.920.
Kurniawan, Luthfi J. Negara, Civil Society Dan Demokratisasi: Pergerakan Membangun Solidaritas Sosial Dalam Merebut Perubahan. Malang: in-TRANS Publishing, 2008.
Majdid, Nucholish. Cita-Cita Politik Islam Di Era Reformasi. Jakarta: Paramadina, 1999.
Nst, Agus Salim. “The Role of Civil Religion Forming Civil Society Through Practicing Religious Comment.” Jurnal Ushuluddin 23, no. 02 (2015): 201–8.
Parmudi, Mochamad. “Civil Religion Di Indonesia.” JSW (Jurnal Sosiologi Walisongo) 2, no. 1 (2018): 51–70. https://doi.org/10.21580/jsw.2018.2.1.1995.
Raharjo, Dawam. “Reorientasi Pembaharuan Islam, Sekularisme, Liberalisme, Dan Pluralisme: Paradigma Baru Islam Indonesia.” Jakarta: Paramadina, 2010.
Ruslan, Idrus. “Membangun Civil Religiom Pada Masyarakat Yang Plural: Dilema Pancasila Di Era Reformasi.” Al-Adyan 4, no. 2 (2011): 1–28.
Sahidah, Ahmad. “Agama Sipil Di Amerika Serikat: Telaah Terhadap Gagasan Dan Peran Robert N. Bellah.” Simulacra: Jurnal Sosiologi 2, no. 1 (2019): 5. https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v2i1.5517.
Santiago, Jose. “From ‘Civil Religion’ to Nationalism as the Religion of Modern Times: Rethinking a Complex Relationship.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 48, no. 02 (2009): 394–401.
Steenbrink, Karel. “Pancasila as an Ambiguous Instrument for Interreligious Harmony and Development in Indonesia, 1945-2015.” Nanzan University, 2015, 15–36.
Takdir, Mohammad. “Contestation and the Roles of Islam in The Public Sphere: A Sociological Analysis of Religious Secularization in Indonesia and the West.” Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies 20, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.18196/aiijis.2020.0119.154-174.
———. Nasionalisme Dalam Bingkai Pluralitas Bangsa: Paradigma Pembangunan Dan Kemandirian Bangsa. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media, 2012.
Thio, Li-ann. “Irreducible Plurality , Indivisible Unity : Singapore Relational Constitutionalism and Cultivating Harmony Through Constructing a Constitutional Civil Religion.” German Law Journal, 2019, 1007–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2019.75.
Wahyudi, Chafid. “Civil Religion Dalam Rajutan Keagamaan NU.” ISLAMICA 5, no. 2 (2011): 294–309.
