HAMKA’s Discourse on Sufism in the “Verse of Light”
Keywords:
HAMKA, Sufism, Al-Qur’an, Tafsir al-Azhar, the Verse of LightAbstract
This article aims at highlighting HAMKA’s discourse on Sufism in the ‘Verse of Light’ of Surah of al-Nūr in his Tafsir al-Azhar, the first complete Malay commentary of the Qur’an written around 1958-1966. It is well-known that HAMKA had written several earlier works on Sufism including Tasauf Moderen (1939) and Perkembangan Tasauf dari Abad ke Abad (1952). The later was republished in 1978 under Tasauf: Perkembangan dan Pemurniannya combining with his university lecture “Mengembalikan Tasauf ke Pangkalnya” conducted in 1958. Comparing to these works, his Tafsir is more vibrant since the subject is under the realm of the Qur’anic discourse. As such HAMKA has pointed out the position of taṣawwuf in his Tafsīr, namely in Surah al-Baqarah (Juz’ 3), Surah Āli- ʿImrān, Surah al-Aʿraf, Surah Yūsuf, Surah al-Mu’minūn, and Surah al-Nūr, thus can be a source in understanding HAMKA’s discourse on Sufism in the Qur’an. He had highlighted Sufism in the introduction to Part (juz’) 18, the earlier part that he had chosen to write his tafsir beginning from 1958. This research employs the qualitative methodology in which materials are from the Qur’an, books and journal articles. Findings reveal that the “Verse of Light” highlights some aspects of Sufism in which God, prophet, religion as well as human response to it in term of knowledge and practice. It is a discourse in Islamic spirituality. As far as HAMKA is concerned, God is the source of the Divine light which reached to the Prophet as a revelation as well as religion in order to benefit humanity, figuratively employed as the “light” (nūr) to the Heavens and earth. Moreover, the Qur’an uses an analogy to present this Ṣufī discourse in theory and practice. For HAMKA Sufism is an authentic philosophy of Islam (kefalsafahan Islam) as well as a “science” or “knowledge” (ʿilm) in Islam.
Downloads
References
Abdul Rouf & Mohd Yakub @ Zulkifli Mohd Yusoff, “Tafsir al-Azhar dan Tasawuf Menurut Hamka,” Jurnal Usuluddin 38 (2013), 1-30
Achmad Reza Hutama Al Faruqi & Muhammad Izzuddin Al-Qossam, “Tasawuf Modern Menurut Hamka: Studi Analisis Terhadap Tasawuf Klasik,” Jurnal Aqidah-Ta VII (1) (2021), 78-92
AlJunied, Khairuddin, “In Defense of Guided Reason: Hamka and the Reconstruction of Southeast Asian Islam,” History of Religion 57: 2 (2017), 107-28
AlJunied, Khairuddin, Hamka and Islam: Cosmopolitan Reform in the Malay World (Singapore: Cornell Southeast Asia Program/ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute Publishing, 2018)
AlJunied, Syed Muhd Khairudin, “Reorienting Sufism: Hamka and Islamic Mysticism in the Malay World,” Indonesia 101 (2016), 67-84 https://www.academia.edu/42676330/Reorienting_Sufism_Hamka_and_Islamic_Mysticism_in_the_Malay_World, accessed 31 March 2023
Azizah Rahmad & Abdul Salam Muhamad Shukri, “Hamka’s Tasauf Modern: An Outlook on Happiness,” in Akmal Khuzairy Abd Rahman, Raudlotul Firdaus Fatah Yasin, Nor Azira Mohd Radzi, Majdah Chulan, Azhar Abdul Rahman (eds.), Rejuvenating Islamic Thought (Gombak: IIUM Press, 2018), 77-91
Azizah Rahmad, “Annotated Translation of Hamka’s Tasauf Moderen,” unpublished PhD thesis ISTAC, Kuala Lumpur: IIUM, 2020
Dahlan, Muhidin M., Aku Mendakwa Hamka Plagiat - Skandal Sastra Indonesia 1962-1964 (Scripta Manen & Meraksumba, 2011)
HAMKA, Prof Dr Haji AbdulMalik AbdulKarim Amrullah, Tafsir al-Azhar, 30 Juzu’ in 9 vols. (Jakarta: Penerbit Pustaka Panjimas, 1982)
HAMKA, Renungan Tasawuf (Jakarta: Penerbit Pustaka Panjimas, 1986)
Haslina Ibrahim, “Hamka’s Da‘wah Reform: Islamisation of Self, Education and Institution,” al-Itqan 6: 4 (2022), 24-46
M. Abduh Almanar, Pemikiran Hamka kajian filsafat dan tasawuf (Jakarta: Prima Aksara, 1993)
Mohammad Damami, Tasawuf Positif dalam Pemikiran Hamka (Yogyakarta: Fajar Pustaka Baru, 2000)
Muhammad Maulana Mas'udi, Ajaran Tasawuf Buya Hamka (Surabaya: UMSurabaya, 2018)
Nur Hadi Ihsan, “Hamka (1908-1981): A Study of Some Aspects of His Sufi Thought,” Master of IRKH, Kuala Lumpur: IIUM, 1997
Rosenthal, F., Knowledge Triumphant: The Concept of Knowledge in Medieval Islam (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1970) [Ch VI Knowledge is Light (Sufism), pp. 155-93]
Rush, James R., Hamka’s Great Story: A Master Writer’s Vision of Islam for Modern Indonesia (Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 2016)
Salihin, “Pemikiran Tasauf Hamka dan Relevansinya bagi Kehidupan Moden,” Sarjana S2, IAIN Bengkulu, 2016
Selamat Hariyanto, “Epistemologi Tasawuf Modern (Telaah Tasawuf Modern Karya Hamka),” Thesis Sarjana Agama (S. Ag), Fakultas Ushuluddin & Dakwah, Institute Agama Islam Negeri Surakarta, 2017, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/296470142.pdf
Silawati, Silawati, “Pemikiran Tasawuf Hamka dalam Kehidupan Modern,” An-Nida', [S.l.], v. 40, n. 2, p. 118 -125, mar. 2016. ISSN 2407-1706. Available at: https://ejournal.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/Anida/article/view/1502.Date accessed: 06 dec. 2022
Ulfah, Novi & Istiyani, Dwi, “Tasawuf Modern Studi Pemikiran Hamka (Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah),” ESOTERIK 2 (2017), 95-109 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315324756_Tasawuf_Modern_Studi_Pemikiran_Hamka_Haji_Abdul_Malik_Karim_Amrullah
Zaid Ahmad, "Hamka (1326–1401/1908–81)," in Oliver Leaman (ed.), The Biographical Encyclopedia of Islamic Philosophy, London: Bloomsbury Publishing (2015), 137-38
Zawiyah Baba & Zuraidah Hassan, “Analisis Bibliografi Karya HAMKA dalam Koleksi Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia,” International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation (Iman) 2 (1), (2014), 93-101 (https://www.ukm.my/jatma/wp-content/uploads/makalah/IMAN_2%281%29-%5B10%5D.pdf)