BOUARFA, A. EPISTEMOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS IN CLASSICAL ARABIC TEXTS: REASSESSING CONTEMPORARY EPISTEMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES. Al-Shajarah Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilisation (ISTAC), [S. l.], v. 30, n. 1, p. 1–21, 2025. DOI: 10.31436/shajarah.v30i1.1922. Disponível em: https://journals.iium.edu.my/shajarah/index.php/shaj/article/view/1922. Acesso em: 11 mar. 2026.