Revelation and Science

Abdurezak Abdulahi Hashi; Mohd Zamani Zulkifli — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0800

RESEARCH PRACTICE- ITS METHODS AND ETHICS

Abdurezak Abdulahi Hashi — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Biomass and Lipid Production by Microalgal Strain Isolated from Freshwater Lake in Kuantan, Pahang in Response to Nutrient Stress and Its Phycoremediation Potential

Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

A Study on Allelopathy Effects of Dinoflagellate Margalefidinum (Cochlodinium) polykrikoides on Pyrodinium bahamense

Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0800

ABSTRACT
The dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides, a fish killer, is found all over the world and is associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs). In this study, we investigated the allelopathy effects of M. polykrikoides on the growth of toxic dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense. Allelopathy effects of M. polykrikoides were studied using different volumes (10 mL, 20 mL, and 50 mL) of filtrate filtered
from M. polykrikoides’s bloom collected from the field and cultured medium. The results showed that P. bahamense was inhibited significantly (p<0.05) in 50 mL cell-free culture filtrate of M. polykrikoides bloom with an inhibition rate of >80%, but not in M. polykrikoides cell-free culture filtrate. In a bialgal, non-contact culture experiment of M. polykrikoides and P. bahamense at three different ratios was also conducted, separated by a 5µm membrane. The observation showed that at a ratio of 1:5 (100 cells mL-1 of M. polykrikoides: 500 cells mL-1 P. bahamense), P. bahamense cell number increased significantly (p<0.05) after Day 4. This study provides useful information on competing with P. bahamense and forming bloom to dominate the area occupied by M. polykrikoides.
Keywords: Allelopathy, Margalefidinium polykrikoides, Pyrodinium bahamense, Bloom

ABSTRAK
Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides, pembunuh ikan, ditemui di seluruh dunia dan dikaitkan dengan bunga alga yang berbahaya (HAB). Dalam kajian ini, kami menyiasat kesan alelopati M. polykrikoides terhadap pertumbuhan toksik dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense. Kesan alelopati M. polykrikoides dikaji menggunakan isipadu berbeza (10 mL, 20 mL, dan 50 mL) turasan yang ditapis daripada bunga M. polykrikoides yang dikumpul dari ladang dan medium kultur. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa P. bahamense telah dihalang dengan ketara (p<0.05) dalam 50 mL turasan kultur bebas sel M. polykrikoides mekar dengan kadar perencatan >80%, tetapi tidak dalam turasan kultur bebas sel M. polykrikoides. Dalam eksperimen bi-algal, kultur bukan sentuhan M. polykrikoides dan P. bahamense pada tiga nisbah berbeza turut dijalankan, dipisahkan oleh membran 5µm. Pemerhatian menunjukkan bahawa pada nisbah 1:5 (100 sel mL-1 M. polykrikoides: 500 sel mL-1 P. bahamense), bilangan sel P. bahamense meningkat dengan ketara (p<0.05) selepas Hari 4. Kajian ini menyediakan maklumat berguna tentang bersaing dengan P. bahamense dan membentuk mekar untuk menguasai kawasan yang diduduki oleh M. polykrikoides.
Kata Kunci: Alelopati, Margalefidinium polykrikoides, Pyrodinium bahamense, mekar

The Sine Table of Al-Kashi in His Miftah al-Hisab

Supian Mat Salleh — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0800

ABSTRACT
This article examines Al-K?sh?'s Kh?q?n? sine table in Mift?? al-?isab, converting it from the sexagesimal to decimal system. Our investigation includes a comparative analysis with a modern sine table to evaluate the accuracy of the Kh?q?n? sine values. Additionally, we address a copyist error in the table, providing corrections and subsequently restoring the table.
Keywords: Al-K?sh?, classical mathematics, Islamic mathematics history, Kh?q?n? sine table.

ABSTRAK
Dalam artikel ini, kami mengkaji jadual sin Kh?q?n? oleh Al-K?sh? dalam Mift?? al-?isab. Kami menukarkan jadual dari sistem seksagesimal kepada sistem desimal dan menyiasat tahap ketepatan jadual sin Kh?q?n? dengan membandingkannya dengan jadual sin moden. Kami juga membuat pembetulan terhadap kesalahan yang telah dilakukan oleh penyalin dan seterusnya memulihkan kembali jadual tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Al-K?sh?, matematik klasik, sejarah matematik Islam, Kh?q?n? sine table.

TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY OF CHAPTER SIX OF QUTB AL-DIN AL-SHIRAZI'S NIHAYAT AL-IDRAK FI DIRAYAT AL-FALAK: ON THE ORBS AND MOTIONS OF THE SUN

Norzakiah Saparmin — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0800

ABSTRACT
Qutb ad-Din al-Shirazi (d. 1311 CE) is a famous Muslim Persian polymath who hascontributed to many sciences, especially philosophy, medicine, and astronomy. For this article, we would focus on his contribution to astronomy, particularly a chapter in his wellknown work, Nihayat al-Idrak fi Dirayat al-Falak (The Limit of Understanding of the Knowledge of the Heavens). The chapter is the sixth chapter from the 2nd treatise of Nihayat al-Idrak, which is known as “On the Orbs and Motions of the Sun.” This article is focused on translating the chapter, which will be the first half of this article, and the other half of this article, will be the commentary on the translation. Although most of the Arabic-Muslim astronomers, including Qutb ad-Din al-Shirazi, follow the Ptolemaic astronomical paradigm, which is based on the geocentric model of the orbs instead of the heliocentric model, this does not prevent the Arabic-Muslim astronomers and including Qutb ad-Din al-Shirazi from producing original works in astronomy. As an example, a translation of this sixth chapter of the 2nd treatise of Nihayat al-Idrak would give some evidence of Qutb ad-Din al-Shirazi's contribution to astronomy.
Keywords: Qutb ad-Din al-Shirazi, Islamic Astronomy, Ptolemaic Astronomy, Motion of the Sun in Islamic Astronomy, Marighah observatory.

ABSTRAK
Qutb ad-Din al-Shirazi (m. 1311 Masihi) adalah seorang sarjana polymath Muslim Parsi yang telah banyak menyumbang dalam beberapa bidang sains, terutama sekali falsafah, perubatan dan astronomi. Untuk artikel ini, kami fokuskan kepada sumbangannya di dalam bidang astronomi, terutama sekali kepada sebuah bab di dalam bukunya yang terkenal, Nihayat al-Idrak fi Dirayat al-Falak (Had di dalam Memahami Ilmu Angkasaraya). Bab yang dimaksudkan adalah bab ke-enam dari buku ke-dua Nihayat al-Idrak, yang bertajuk “Tentang Orbit dan Pergerakan Matahari.” Artikel ini fokus kepada menterjemahkan bab tersebut, pada bahagian pertama artikel ini, dan pada bahagian kedua artikel ini adalah komentar kepada terjemahan tersebut. Walaupun kebanyakan ahli astronomi Arab-Muslim, termasuklah Qutb ad-Din al-Shirazi, mengikuti paradigma astronomi Ptolemy, yang menggunakan model geopusat dan bukannya model heliosentrik, ini tidak menghalang ahli astronomi ArabMuslim, termasuklah Qutb ad-Din al-Shirazi, dari menghasilkan hasil kajian yang asli di dalam bidang astronomi. Sebagai contoh, terjemahan bab ke-enam dari buku ke-dua Nihayat al-Idrak ini akan memberi sedikit gambaran tentang sumbangan Qutb ad-Din al-Shirazi di dalam bidang astronomi.
Kata kunci: Qutb ad-Din al-Shirazi, Astronomi Islam, Astronomi Ptolemy, Pergerakan Matahari di dalam Astronomi Islam, Balaicerap Marighah.

DNA aptamers: The Game-Changers in Diagnostics

Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0800

ABSTRACT
Rapid and efficient disease diagnosis is crucial for prompt clinical intervention. The current diagnosis methods require improvements, in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and cost. Aptamers, which are synthetic oligonucleotides, have gained popularity in the diagnostic biosensors’ development as they detect analytes, viruses, and even cancerous cells with high accuracy. They are selected through SELEX or in silico SELEX, leading to sequences that bind with specific targets and form aptamer-target complexes. Recently, DNA aptamers are preferred compared to RNA aptamers in many studies, due to their stability and ability to be chemically modified. The cost-effectiveness of aptamers enhances research accessibility, facilitates large-scale production, and supports the affordability of diagnostics, including the production of POCT kits. This paper discusses the structure fundamental and motifs of DNA aptamers such as hairpin, G-quadruplex, and pseudoknot. The aptamer-based diagnostic platforms in detecting various diseases and the challenges of DNA aptamers are highlighted in this review.
Keywords: aptamer, biosensor, DNA hairpin, lateral flow assay

ABSTRAK
Diagnosis penyakit yang cepat dan tepat adalah penting untuk intervensi klinikal segera. Kaedah diagnosis semasa memerlukan peningkatan dari segi sensitiviti dan kespesifikan, serta penjimatan kos. Aptamer, yang merupakan oligonukleotida sintetik, menjadi semakin popular dalam penghasilan biosensor diagnostik kerana ia dapat mengesan analit, virus, bahkan sel kanser dengan ketepatan yang tinggi. Aptamer disaring melalui SELEX atau SELEX in silico, membawa kepada jujukan nukleotida dengan sasaran tertentu dan membentuk kompleks aptamer-sasaran. Aptamer DNA menjadi pilihan dalam kebanyakan kajian berbanding dengan aptamer RNA disebabkan oleh kestabilannya dan kemampuan untuk dimodifikasi secara kimia. Ciri kos efektif aptamer meningkatkan kebolehcapaian penyelidikan, memudahkan penghasilan berskala besar, serta meningkatkan kebolehan penghasilan kit POCT yang bersifat mampu milik. Ulasan ini membincangkan struktur asas dan motif aptamer DNA seperti gelung pin-rambut, G-kuadrupleks, dan pseudoknot. Platform diagnostik berasaskan aptamer dalam pengesanan pelbagai penyakit dan cabaran aptamer DNA turut dibincangkan dalam ulasan ini.
Kata kunci: aptamer, biosensor, pin-rambut DNA, pengujian aliran latera

INTEGRATING MAQASID AL-SHARIAH FRAMEWORKS IN STEM CELL-BASED ORGANOGENESIS

Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0800

ABSTRACT
The advent of stem cells has leveraged regenerative medicines and tissue engineering owing to its capability to differentiate from different somatic origins. This has opened the possibilities to create new organs and improved quality of life. In the current study, it was proposed that the utilization of stem cells can be manipulated to serve as a mean of transplantation alternatives and repairing lost tissues or organs. However, issues regarding the safety and efficacy should be the main focus in order to protect human dignity, lineage or inheritance and avoiding genetic manipulation for unnecessary means. This study aims to integrate Maqasid al-Shari’ah perspectives, highlighting associated bioethical principles in synthesizing new organs from stem cells. The study has consolidated textual analysis of the Qur’an, Hadith, the works of Muslim scholars, particularly the works of scholars of Islamic law (fuqaha), and
jurists (al-fuqaha) to describe and analyse the Islamic moral teaching and judgment on medical approaches.
Keywords: Organ transplantation, Maqasid al-Shari’ah, stem cells, 3D bioprinting, bioethics

ABSTRAK
Kemunculan sel induk telah memanfaatkan ubat-ubatan regeneratif dan kejuruteraan tisu kerana keupayaan mereka untuk membezakan daripada asal-usul somatik yang berbeza. Ini telah membuka kemungkinan untuk mewujudkan organ baru dan meningkatkan kualiti hidup. Dalam kajian semasa, ia telah dicadangkan bahawa penggunaan sel induk boleh dimanipulasi untuk berkhidmat sebagai sarana alternatif pemindahan dan memulihkan tisu atau organ yang hilang. Walau bagaimanapun, isu-isu yang
berkaitan dengan keselamatan dan keberkesanan harus menjadi tumpuan utama bagi melindungi martabat manusia, keturunan atau warisan dan mengelakkan manipulasi genetik dengan cara yang tidak perlu. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan perspektif Maqasid al-Shari'ah, menyoroti prinsip-prinsip bioetik yang berkaitan dalam sintesis organ baru dari sel-sel induk. Kajian ini telah
mengkonsolidasikan analisis teks Al-Quran, Hadith, karya-karya ahli-ahli sains Islam, terutamanya kerja-kerja sarjana undang-undang Islam (fuqaha), dan jurist (al-fuqah) untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisis ajaran moral Islam dan penilaian mengenai pendekatan perubatan.
Kata kunci: Transplantasi organ, Maqasid al-Shari’ah, sel induk, bioprinting 3D, bioetik

The Legacy of Muslim Astronomers in Medieval Maritime Supremacy and Its Importance in Today's Maritime Domain

Asmin Nahar — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0800

ABSTRACT
Muslims made unparalleled contributions to astronomy during the medieval period. The period from the 7th century to the 13th century was considered the Islamic Golden Age. Muslim scientists excelled in science and technology, especially in astronomy and other related fields. The incredible contribution of the Al-Battani and Piri Reis maps was repeatedly quoted by European astronomers, which is still considered the base of astronomy. Ahmed Ibn Majid guided Vasco da Gama (a Portuguese navigator) in achieving the first sea trade route from Europe to India in the mid-15th century. Their scientific innovation was largely transmitted to Europe through crusades and trade relations. Muslim scholars and scientists significantly influenced Western prosperity and urbanization, yet their contributions are often overlooked in favor of Greek works. This study aims to highlight the medieval scientific achievements of
Muslim scholars, particularly in astronomy, which played a crucial role in medieval naval ascendancy and still holds relevance in the 21st-century maritime domain. The study relies on qualitative analysis based on secondary data.
Keywords: Medieval period, Islamic Golden Age, Astronomy, Al-Battani, Piri Reis

ABSTRAK
Umat Islam memberikan sumbangan yang tiada tandingannya kepada astronomi pada zaman pertengahan. Tempoh dari abad ke-7 hingga abad ke-13 dianggap sebagai Zaman Keemasan Islam. Para saintis Islam cemerlang dalam bidang sains dan teknologi, terutamanya dalam bidang astronomi dan bidang lain yang berkaitan. Sumbangan luar biasa peta Al-Battani dan Piri Reis telah berulang kali dipetik oleh ahli astronomi Eropah, yang masih dianggap sebagai asas astronomi. Ahmed Ibn Majid membimbing Vasco da Gama (seorang pelayar Portugis) dalam mencapai laluan perdagangan laut pertama dari Eropah ke India pada pertengahan
abad ke-15. Inovasi saintifik mereka sebahagian besarnya dihantar ke Eropah melalui perang salib dan hubungan perdagangan. Cendekiawan dan saintis Muslim mempengaruhi kemakmuran dan urbanisasi Barat dengan ketara, namun sumbangan mereka sering diabaikan dan memihak kepada karya Yunani. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyerlahkan pencapaian saintifik zaman pertengahan para sarjana Islam, khususnya dalam astronomi, yang memainkan peranan penting dalam penguasaan tentera laut zaman pertengahan dan masih relevan dalam domain maritim abad ke-21. Kajian ini bergantung kepada analisis kualitatif berdasarkan data sekunder.
Kata kunci: Zaman Pertengahan, Zaman Kegemilangan Islam, Astronomi, Al-Battani, Piri Reis

Revelation and Science

Table of Contents

RESEARCH PRACTICE- ITS METHODS AND ETHICS

Biomass and Lipid Production by Microalgal Strain Isolated from Freshwater Lake in Kuantan, Pahang in Response to Nutrient Stress and Its Phycoremediation Potential

A Study on Allelopathy Effects of Dinoflagellate Margalefidinum (Cochlodinium) polykrikoides on Pyrodinium bahamense

The Sine Table of Al-Kashi in His Miftah al-Hisab

TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY OF CHAPTER SIX OF QUTB AL-DIN AL-SHIRAZI'S NIHAYAT AL-IDRAK FI DIRAYAT AL-FALAK: ON THE ORBS AND MOTIONS OF THE SUN

DNA aptamers: The Game-Changers in Diagnostics

INTEGRATING MAQASID AL-SHARIAH FRAMEWORKS IN STEM CELL-BASED ORGANOGENESIS

The Legacy of Muslim Astronomers in Medieval Maritime Supremacy and Its Importance in Today's Maritime Domain