DNA aptamers: The Game-Changers in Diagnostics

Authors

  • Nur Nadiah Abdul Rashid International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Nurasyikin Hamzah International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Azzmer Azzar Abdul Hamid International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Izzat Fahimuddin Mohamed Suffian

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Rapid and efficient disease diagnosis is crucial for prompt clinical intervention. The current diagnosis methods require improvements, in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and cost. Aptamers, which are synthetic oligonucleotides, have gained popularity in the diagnostic biosensors’ development as they detect analytes, viruses, and even cancerous cells with high accuracy. They are selected through SELEX or in silico SELEX, leading to sequences that bind with specific targets and form aptamer-target complexes. Recently, DNA aptamers are preferred compared to RNA aptamers in many studies, due to their stability and ability to be chemically modified. The cost-effectiveness of aptamers enhances research accessibility, facilitates large-scale production, and supports the affordability of diagnostics, including the production of POCT kits. This paper discusses the structure fundamental and motifs of DNA aptamers such as hairpin, G-quadruplex, and pseudoknot. The aptamer-based diagnostic platforms in detecting various diseases and the challenges of DNA aptamers are highlighted in this review.
Keywords: aptamer, biosensor, DNA hairpin, lateral flow assay


ABSTRAK
Diagnosis penyakit yang cepat dan tepat adalah penting untuk intervensi klinikal segera. Kaedah diagnosis semasa memerlukan peningkatan dari segi sensitiviti dan kespesifikan, serta penjimatan kos. Aptamer, yang merupakan oligonukleotida sintetik, menjadi semakin popular dalam penghasilan biosensor diagnostik kerana ia dapat mengesan analit, virus, bahkan sel kanser dengan ketepatan yang tinggi. Aptamer disaring melalui SELEX atau SELEX in silico, membawa kepada jujukan nukleotida dengan sasaran tertentu dan membentuk kompleks aptamer-sasaran. Aptamer DNA menjadi pilihan dalam kebanyakan kajian berbanding dengan aptamer RNA disebabkan oleh kestabilannya dan kemampuan untuk dimodifikasi secara kimia. Ciri kos efektif aptamer meningkatkan kebolehcapaian penyelidikan, memudahkan penghasilan berskala besar, serta meningkatkan kebolehan penghasilan kit POCT yang bersifat mampu milik. Ulasan ini membincangkan struktur asas dan motif aptamer DNA seperti gelung pin-rambut, G-kuadrupleks, dan pseudoknot. Platform diagnostik berasaskan aptamer dalam pengesanan pelbagai penyakit dan cabaran aptamer DNA turut dibincangkan dalam ulasan ini.
Kata kunci: aptamer, biosensor, pin-rambut DNA, pengujian aliran latera

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Published

2024-06-29

How to Cite

Abdul Rashid, N. N., Mohd Nasir, M. H., Hamzah, N., Abdul Hamid, A. A., & Mohamed Suffian, . I. F. . (2024). DNA aptamers: The Game-Changers in Diagnostics. Revelation and Science, 14(1). Retrieved from https://journals.iium.edu.my/revival/index.php/revival/article/view/398

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