PLANNING MALAYSIA

A SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION TOOL FOR HERITAGE SHOPHOUSE FACADES

Wan Nordiana Wan Ali — 2022-07-26

Heritage shophouses are the architectural asset that becomes a landmark of many heritage areas, particularly in major towns in Malaysia. This cultural heritage needs to be preserved or conserved to prolongs its life. However, there is still a need for in-depth study on the architectural part as to add knowledge about this heritage treasure. Thus, this paper tends to develop a definitive list of the architectural characters of the heritage shophouse façades according to its elements. The definitive list was outlined by referring and comparing data extracted from the local government reports, books, articles, and research undertaken by scholars in architecture and conservation. Furthermore, a fieldwork had been conducted at the Heritage Area of Ipoh involving 121 shophouses by using a checklist to support the secondary data. Thematic analysis was applied by sorting all architectural characters into five main categories of elements that include structural, building enclosure, opening, fenestration, and ornamentation. Later, a matrix taxonomy of architectural styles was developed to form an evaluation tool as an innovation to the existing inventory and documentation method for the heritage shophouses. The paper concludes that the concise data of architectural characters are significant to differentiate the styles of the heritage shophouse façade. Further research at other heritage areas in Malaysia should be conducted to gain more data of other architectural styles.

CONTROL OF VARIATION ORDERS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS IN MALAYSIA

Noraziah Mohammad — 2022-07-26

Variation orders are a frequent occurrence in the construction phase of Malaysian building projects. Increased construction time and costs are inevitable when variation orders appear. The aim of the current research is to identify the effectiveness of a "cost and time model" in controlling variation orders during the construction of residential projects in Malaysia. The model was derived from a literature review, which also examined how case studies and data have been utilised to identify the causes and effects of variation orders. These were analysed using multiple linear regression analysis. Three independent variables were identified as significant positive causes, while two dependent variables were determined to be the effects of a variation order. The independent variables signify the owner’s changes to the scope of work, construction materials and procedures, as well as their modifications to the specifications. The cost and duration of the project is the dependent variables. The model developed was found to be suitable in practice and the authors propose its application in the early stages of residential construction projects to control the occurrence of variation orders in such projects in Malaysia.

WILLINGNESS TO MODAL SHIFT FROM PRIVATE TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN JAKARTA METROPOLITAN AREA

Budi Aji Purwoko — 2022-07-26

Commuter workers' primary mode of transportation in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area is still dominated by private vehicles (73.26 percent). The number of passengers on public transportation is recorded at 26.74 percent. It indicates that public transportation has not fully accommodated commuter activities, even though it has been strategized for an environmentally friendly mode. This paper analyzes the modal shifting of transport from private to public transport and the influencing factors. This research recommends the urgency of urban dwellers to use public transportation. The study used biner logistic regression analysis. The results showed commuter workers in Jakarta Metropolitan Area switched from private vehicles to public transportation. Most commuter workers are more likely to keep using personal vehicles. Factors that affect the willingness not to change modes from private cars to public transportation commuter workers include gender, income, work, Mileage, and travel time.

WHAT MAKES AN ATTRACTIVE USER-FRIENDLY STREET? EXPLORING PERCEPTIONS OF MAWLAWI SHOPPING STREET ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF SULAYMANIYAH CITY, IRAQ

Omar Abdulwahhab Khalaf — 2022-07-26

Streets are one of the vital components of an urban form that supports the city dwellers’ public and private activities. Therefore, the purpose of attraction is necessary for persuading people to use the street and presenting the image of the city. Thus, the problem statement of this paper is that attractiveness of the shopping street decreases due to the presence of too much traffic management, and an uncomfortable environment attributed to an over-presence of traffic lights. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to determine the attraction factors associated with the user-friendliness of the shopping streets. This paper uses a case study approach of Mawlawi Street in Sulaymaniyah city in Iraq. The methodology used is the quantitative method via a survey of users (n = 330). The data were analysed statistically by SPSS using the mean values. The results show that the cultural attraction factor is the strongest form that contributes to people using the shopping street with a mean value of 3.1446. It is expected that the findings from this study will help designers, urban planners and policymakers to understand the needs and attitudes of users towards creating an attractive userfriendly shopping street environment in Iraq.

THE ARCHITECTS’ AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS’ VIEWS ON THE DESIGN AND PLANNING OF THE HOSPITAL COURTYARD GARDENS (HCG) IN MALAYSIA

Madihah Mat Idris — 2022-07-26

This paper presents the architects' and landscape architects' point of views on their original design intentions in designing and planning hospital courtyard gardens (HCGs) in Malaysia. Following a field observation, a semi-structured interview with two architects and two landscape architects was conducted. Additionally, the architectural design briefs for three selected Malaysian hospitals were obtained as secondary data for this study. The results revealed that the intended common design pointed out by the architects includes: i) Daylighting strategy; ii) Ventilation strategy; iii) Access to nature; and iv) Point of orientation. Landscape architects, on the other hand, are concerned with: i) Forest-like garden concept; ii) Natural and organic form instead of aesthetic appearance; iii) An escape place for relieving stress and; iv) A hang-out space for socialisation. This paper contributes to the understanding of how designers would think and determine the architectural plan and landscape design in achieving an optimal HCG design to meet the needs of the intended users.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSITIONAL MANAGEMENT SPHERE ANALYSIS OF POLICIES AND REGULATIONS IN KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

Owen Thian Seng Yeo — 2022-07-26

Kuala Lumpur (KL) is experiencing rapid development leading to urban green space fragmentation. Green infrastructure (GI) could be the answer to the fragmented green space issue. Nevertheless, how policies and legislations contribute to the spatial establishment of GI in KL remains unclear. Thus, the policies and regulations governing GI establishment in KL were examined in this study. A total of 77 records associated with policies and regulations that may contribute to GI spatially were reviewed. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the chosen articles, the transition management sphere analysis was applied. The study discovered that Malaysia is still lacking in GI policies and regulations. Furthermore, this study also highlighted different challenges and opportunities during optimising GI implementation in spatial design. The finding can be a reference for future policy and regulation establishment.

HOW MUCH DOES AN AFFORDABLE HOUSE COST TO BE PAID BY YOUNG PROFESSIONALS IN GREATER KL, MALAYSIA?

Nor Suzylah Sohaimi — 2022-07-26

Affordability of housing has been a hot topic among various socioeconomic groups. Surprisingly, given the current situation, the majority of the young generation is negatively affected by this stressful issue. This study, therefore, focuses on young professional groups from the built environment profession, namely, the engineer, architect, urban planner, and quantity surveyor. These professional groups also earn an income between B40, M40 and T20. Two research objectives were composed in this study: (1) To measure the monthly affordable housing cost and (2) To define affordable housing types by different household income groups amongst young professional based on the residual income model (RIM), which is used to measure housing affordability. The surveys were distributed amongst 341 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. The findings have revealed that B40 can only bear a monthly housing’ costs not exceeding MYR 728, followed by M40 and T20 around MYR 2503 and MYR 6159, respectively. Hence, the B40 group had lesser house option types, i.e., around ten house types compared to M40 and T20.

RESILLIENT LIVING BY OPTIMIZING THE BUILDING FAÇADE IN DESIGNING POST-COVID HOUSING

Elina Mohd Husini — 2022-07-26

The living performance in sustainable development outline contributing factors towards efficiency, such as ecological, economic, health, and social integration. The performance of facade design must be emphasised to describe resilient living and access to mitigate the design of post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) housing. The spread of the pandemic underlines the importance of providing quality of life and wellbeing in the building environment, hence highlighting a crucial need to improve indoor air quality and passive building performance to minimise the transmission of COVID-19 and indoor airborne diseases as a result of poor ventilation. The passive building performance and facade complement the energy demand and reduce heat gain. Currently, passive design and health are emphasised to link the environmental design approach and architecture and highlight the quality-of-life post-pandemic. The study aims to provide important healthy indoor strategies and passive building performance for open-plan home-office design, to investigate the open-plan home design with optimum thermal performance based on the passive indoor environment, and to examine the bioclimatic response and energy efficiency of home-office design during the pandemic. The responsiveness of bioclimatic and modular construction incorporated with the new home-office design aim to save energy through sustainable material. The Integrated Environmental Solutions Virtual Environment (IESVE) computer software was utilised using simulations involving ranges of illuminance levels in daylight and revealed the acceptable levels of between 300 lux to 500 lux for the home office area. The results demonstrated that the optimum range of solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of 0.46 and a U-value of 0.04 W/m2 K reduced the indoor temperature by 5 degrees Celsius during peak time and maintained the air-condition at 28 degrees Celsius, which was within thermal comfort level.

STRATEGIES IN IMPROVING THE BUILDING EFFICIENCY AND DAYLIGHTING: A CASE STUDY OF GREEN BUILDING

Shaza Liyana Shamri — 2022-07-26

Malaysia is one of the rising countries with the highest energy consumption rate, which is attributable to strong economic development in the residential and commercial sectors that consume approximately half of the total electricity generated. Several criteria have been implemented in Malaysia to develop efficient building design, such as the Green Building Index (GBI) and Passive Daylighting Strategies. The study aims to investigate passive daylighting solutions for different building orientations and facade materials to measure energy efficiency through building designs. Buildings are a variable that contributes to growing energy consumption resulting from population increase and climate change. The building facade is a factor that could control the indoor environment, which affects the energy consumption in buildings. A case study determined the elements that maintain building efficiency and electric savings by examining two buildings certified by the Green Building Platinum and the Ministry of Finance (MoF). Low consideration of Passive Daylighting Strategies in building designs allows direct sunshine and increases the use of air conditioning to maintain the room at a comfortable temperature.

A HUMAN DIMENSION MODEL FOR THE URBAN VERTICAL HOUSING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH INDOOR AIR QUALITY

Dyah Nurwidyaningrum — 2022-07-26

In urban vertical housing in Jakarta, air conditioning (AC) is mainly used to create comfort in units and spare residents from hazardous outdoor pollution. Residents in urban vertical housing, who have come from the surrounding multi-ethnic area, live in dense conditions. This situation inflicts conflicts of interest that affect indoor air quality (IAQ). This research develops a human dimension model for promoting indoor air quality in dense urban housing using the concept of sustainability, which is an environmental science approach. This study aims to conceptualize the effect of the human dimension in IAQ planning. The method is partial least squares-self equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis. The indicator variables of the human dimension related to indoor air quality are room quality, sociocultural factors, open space relief, environmental capacity, economic factors, and room maintenance. This result is a modified model of the fourth pillar of sustainability, according to Hawkes’ theory on housing planning. The variable human cultural dimensions are knowledge, perception, behaviour, and participation, which frame the sustainable development concept: the social dimension, environmental dimension, and economic dimension.

QUALIFYING AND QUANTIFYING THE INTANGIBLE FACTORS THAT ENHANCE IN INFRASTRUCTURE ASSET VALUATION

Ezdihar Hamzah — 2022-07-26

Infrastructure asset are included as a special property when one is conducting a valuation. The uniqueness of an infrastructure asset due to its specific functions and operations that are differ from other infrastructure asset. Thus, the tangible and intangible factors included for valuation are also difference and specialize according to each infrastructure asset. The issues of intangible factors that
enhance in infrastructure asset valuation are arisen since the investor and stakeholders are concern in getting to know how much the asset are generating a profit compare to its expenses in operating the asset especially a public asset. This research aims to evaluate the application of intangible factors in infrastructure asset valuation. As intangible factors are unforeseen factors, thus this research
elaborates on detailed intangible factors and how to identify the factors that influence to the value. The methodology adopted in this research is based on qualitative analysis by in depth interview with the experts that specialized in special property valuation. The research findings are derived from the content analysis. Based on the interview expert’s session, this paper has also benefit in
the form of knowledge and to the practitioner in implementing the intangible factors in infrastructure asset valuation.

IDENTIFYING URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ITS ATTRIBUTES FOR WATERFRONT TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (WTOD)

Nabilah Redzuan — 2022-07-26

The booming development of transit-oriented development (TOD) worldwide, especially in high-density urban areas, has shown that many cities have started to transform their urban spaces into more sustainable and liveable cities. TOD integrates the mixed-use development around the public transport stations and promotes a pedestrian-and bicycle-friendly environment as a city lifestyle. However, such developments often lack integration with the contextual condition of the surrounding area, which in the case examined in this study is the waterfront. Many cities in developed countries such as Singapore, U.S. and Canada have started to reintegrate their TODs with the water bodies. Recent trends show that TODs are widely established in areas near the water body such as dockland and waterfront, as part of urban regeneration. Various urban design principles of waterfront transit-oriented development are available, but most of them are scattered across many documents. Thus, this research aimed to identify the urban design principles for waterfront transit-oriented development. The principles were developed using a qualitative method that included content analysis of journals, reports, and guidelines on transit-oriented development (TOD), waterfront development, and waterfront transit-oriented development (WTOD). In the end, the urban design principles of WTOD can guide professional stakeholders such as architects, planners, engineers, and others relevant to the field to reintegrate the TOD with the waterfront in future planning.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE SENSORY STIMULI ASPECTS FOR THE EFFICIENT USE OF URBAN SQUARES IN IRAQ

Omar Hussein Ali — 2022-07-26

This study aims to examine the impact of user sensory stimuli aspects (comfort, passive and active engagements, relaxation, and discovery) on the efficient use of urban squares in Erbil, Iraq, through public interaction. A questionnaire survey (298 respondents) was employed to collect users’ opinions and was validated through expert interviews (13 interviewees) and field observations. PLS-SEM was used as the research method in this study to analyse the influence structure of the 298 respondents. The predicted model of the research can contribute to the body of knowledge among academics and practitioners. Findings revealed that the aspects of sensory stimuli have a significant influence on the efficient use of urban squares. For the efficient use of urban squares, comfort showed the greatest influence on social interaction.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AWARENESS AND PRACTICES BASED ON ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES

Nurul Hadirah Muszaffarsham — 2022-07-26

Currently, the main environmental concerns encountered by most countries are energy and its consumption. A green lifestyle and energy efficiency (EE) could reduce daily energy consumption. Nevertheless, low awareness and knowledge of EE prevent proper green lifestyle practices to save energy and the environment. Thus, the study aims to examine building occupants’ EE and energy conservation awareness and practices based on Islamic perspectives. The study objectives are to examine the level of EE awareness and practices among Malaysian building occupants and incorporate the potential of Islamic teachings from al-Quran concerning energy consumption and conservation in the EE awareness campaigns. The study used the qualitative research method, which involved a literature review, observation, and narrative study. As a result, the significant relevance of EE awareness and practices along with Islamic teachings is explained further in this study. Moreover, instilling knowledge, creating awareness and encouraging occupants to implement EE practices, which consequently reduce energy demand and energy consumption, hence, mitigating the detrimental environmental impacts. The study is crucial in raising public awareness of the Islamic perspectives linked with energy conservation and provides a framework for future development plans that embody EE elements aligned with Islamic teachings.

THE ARCHITECTURAL STYLE WHICH ATTRACTS PEOPLE TO THE TRADITIONAL URBAN VILLAGE: KAMPONG BHARU AS A CASE STUDY

Nur Athirah Ibrahim — 2022-07-26

The traditional village is one of the urban design typologies where its survival depends on its success in attracting people. The number of people visiting an area can be considered as one of the factors used in assessing the overall success of a place. However, due to rapid urbanisation, the unique character of traditional villages in urban areas or cities can be seen as outdated or considered as not worth preserving. Thus, this paper aims to identify the buildings within a village that can create a character for the area, and which act as important physical elements that contribute towards the success of a traditional village in an urban setting. This case study was conducted in Kampong Bharu, Kuala Lumpur, and a mixedmethod approach was used involving personal observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires with 330 respondents. The result revealed that buildings, as a physical element, play an essential role in attracting people to Kampong Bharu. Thus, this element should be considered for preservation in any regeneration programme targeted at existing traditional villages which are located in urban settings.

ANALYSIS OF CURRENT CONDITION OF HERITAGE MASJID IN NEGERI SEMBILAN

Siti Azira Abd Rahim — 2022-07-26

In a Muslim community, the mosque or masjid is considered to be important because they have served as key locations for religious gatherings and centres for political and social activities in the community since the dawn of Islam. A heritage masjid in Malaysia is classified as having traditional architecture, which includes a distinctive style and material that represents the local people's customs and culture. Traditional architecture in Negeri Sembilan is in jeopardy as a result of rapid urbanization. Its abandonment might lead to the disappearance of its information, documentation, and features due to a change in design and materials. Whether as a consequence of natural calamities or human invasion, architectural heritage is constantly under risk. Therefore, preservation and conservation are essential stages in the life cycle of a historic property. Heritage masjid are important to protect, because it depicts the authenticity and workmanship of local villagers in an age before modern technology. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the current condition of heritage masjid in Negeri Sembilan. This research employed on-site observations and includes a comprehensive review of the literature approach on various documentation. This paper concludes with a discussion of how these findings will contribute to the improvement of the current situation and the preservation of the functional aspects of Negeri Sembilan heritage masjid.

PEOPLE’S AGES AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING ACTIVITIES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT OF COMMERCIAL STREETS

Omar Abdulwahhab Khalaf — 2022-07-26

Streets are the most public of all city spaces and are utilised by all users. Therefore, activities are vital in persuading people to use the streets and in presenting the image of the city. The relation between people’s ages and the used activities of the commercial streets has declined due to the poor physical environments in the local context. Streets have become progressively unpleasant, unsuitable in terms of functions, and have also become a disagreeable environment. This represents the problem statement of this research. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between activities on commercial streets and the different age groups of the users. This study focuses on the local context of Mawlawi Street, which is one of the major shopping streets in Sulaymaniyah city centre, Iraq. This paper used a quantitative methodology via a survey of users (n = 330). The data were analysed using frequency, mean value, percentage, and chi-square statistics. The results show that cultural activities were the most important for its users, while social activities were the least important, with businesses in the middle. The majority of the users were in the young-adults age category. The research gives a good overview of the types of activities which encourage high street usage, and which activities need to be improved or added.

FELDA LANDS DEVELOPMENT BASED ON SUSTAINABILITY AND HIGHEST-BEST USE APPROACH: HOW TO GO ABOUT IT?

Mohd Fadzil Abdul Rashid — 2022-07-26

Rural catalysts, specifically Malaysia’s Federation Land Development Authority (FELDA) settlement schemes promise a higher future return growth and become sustainable and resilient areas. FELDA, through the implementation of a Smart Plantation Management System (SPMS), has recently moved toward modern agricultural practices to increase productivity and optimise profits for the livelihoods of its settlers. This paper attempts to discover the FELDA lands development framework based on sustainability and the highest-best use (SHBU) concept as a missing link approach to SPMS. The idea is to oversee the potential of FELDA lands, not only for crops but also for other potential possible developments comprehensively. Analyses were based on literature review, contents analysis of relevant national development policies and FELDA’s Kertas Putih and preliminary works based on a focus group discussion (FGD). In the end, this paper offers a comprehensive FELDA lands development framework, which is timely in coping with the current issues and future potential development crop lands and FELDA settlements, with the aim to bring profits and prosperity to its settlers and all nations.

INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AIR AND LIGHTING QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN HIGH-RISE LOW-COST HOUSING IN PENANG

Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard — 2022-07-26

Georgetown, the capital of Penang Island, records the second highest density in Malaysia. On the other hand, those with lower economic status mostly live in low-cost, high-density vertical housing with indoor and outdoor environmental quality. Such housing conditions have severe implications on the residents’ comfort. Hence, this study adopted the mixed-method approach to assess indoor and outdoor air and lighting quality in high-rise low-cost housing. The qualitative approach was deployed to observe three low-cost high-rise housing in Penang while the second approach was quantitative data collected using a survey questionnaire distributed to households in the case study area. This study aims to identify the current environment indoor and outdoor lighting quality in low-cost high-rise housing. The three low-cost housing areas investigated in this study, namely, Taman Ampang Jaya (TAJ) (Seberang Jaya Utara (SPU) district), Halaman Kenanga (HK) (Daerah Timur Laut (DLT) district), and Idaman Seroja (IS) (Daerah Barat Daya (DBD) district), had more than 200 units. Resultantly, the three-housing had an average air and lighting quality, whereas the corridor indicated poor lighting, as well as foul and unhealthy air. Indoor and outdoor air quality and lighting in high-rise housing are related to the environment surrounding the site.

RURAL YOUTH LOCAL CHAMPIONS SUPPORT FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PROGRAM

Jalaluddin Abdul Malek — 2022-07-26

Rural youth development must be exposed to the genuine intents and goals of the country's rural development direction in guiding the rural youth. As a result, this study seeks to find Local Champions (LC) support for rural development policies through the Rural Business Champions (RBC) lens. This study uses parallel mixed methods. The findings show that the LC technique and the Rural Development Master Plan should be promoted to the youth who agreed the most. However, all the mean scores are high, and RBC supported all programs to enhance LC among the rural youth. Interviews revealed a need for programs that develop passion and drive among rural youth and an emphasis on implementing entrepreneurial knowledge. Thus, this study found that the local youth participating in local champion policies and programs need to be exposed to knowledge, passion, and mentor by being included in local champions practices.

IDENTIFYING THE OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF SPATIAL WIND ENERGY FARMS IN SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

Muhammad Ashrul Mohd Zubir — 2022-07-26

Electrical energy is indispensable for the economic growth and well-being of humanity. However, there is a growing concern with the conventional method of generating electricity which is by burning coal and other fossil fuels. In the coming decades, the world will experience a transition to cleaner energy, away from the use of fossil fuels. One of the clean and renewable energies that is getting more popular and advancing in technology is wind energy. Wind energy requires a proper location to operate in order to be profitable and have the desired impact on society. In search of a suitable location for wind energy, a Geographical Information System based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (GIS-MCDM) approach was utilized in this paper to explore the suitable areas for wind energy development in Selangor. Eight parameters were chosen to address this concern, including terrain elevation, terrain slope, road network, airport locations, forests, settlements, water bodies and average wind speed. All of these criteria were weighted using the pairwise comparison approach in MCDM, and the decisionmaking process was facilitated by the criteria utilizing the ArcGIS-weighted overlay tool. The study has identified seven potential sites, but only four sites that are practically located the wind energy site, which are Banting, Jeram, Ijok and Kerling. GIS-MCDM can assist the decision-maker in designing the optimal placement of wind farms in real scenarios.

THE EFFECT OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES ON WALKING BEHAVIOUR OF RESIDENTS IN SHAH ALAM CITY, MALAYSIA

Nurain Mohd Talmizi — 2022-07-26

Walking is the most common form of physical activity people engages in. However, people walk for different purposes, which most times are influenced by environmental, and socio-economic factors operational within a particular setting. Literature on walking behaviour is dominated by physical environment factors with little mention of socio-demographic factors. Therefore, this study examined the influence of socio-demographic attributes on two categories of walking behaviour: the utilitarian and recreational walking. Through an online survey, 320 copies of the questionnaire were purposefully administered to adults of 18 years old and above in Shah Alam City, Malaysia. A multiple linear regression analysis technique was adopted in identifying the predictors (sociodemographic attributes) that significantly influenced the utilitarian and recreational walking behaviour of respondents. Findings revealed that monthly income (β=-.350, p<0.05), educational qualification (β=.187, p<0.05), and age (β=-.126, p<0.05) have a negative association with utilitarian walking. In contrast, educational qualification (β=.295, p<0.05) and age (β= .240, p<0.05) have a positive association with recreational walking. The findings also revealed that male respondents engaged more in recreational walking while the unmarried walking behaviour varied. Thus, in formulating policies and actions that promote walking, the identified differences in walking behaviour of various groups must be taken into consideration.

FACTORS DETERMINING THE PURCHASE DECISION OF GREEN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES IN MALAYSIA

Nor Nazihah Chuweni — 2022-07-26

This study aims to determine and rank the factors influencing purchase decisions of green residential properties in Malaysia. The quantitative research approach was adopted in this study where the approach includes conducting surveys and analysing the quantitative data within green residential properties owners or residents with green certification mainly located in Penang and Selangor. Relative importance index is applied to data from a sample of 171 respondents through a purposive sampling. The main factors in influencing the green homebuyers’ decisions were found to be location factors followed by financial and neighbourhood and housing attributes. This study was the first to include green residential properties owners with green certification from Malaysian Green Building Index which focus only for green residential properties owners in Penang and Selangor as the sample of the study towards factors for influencing the purchase decision of green residential properties. Further development of empirical models could be developed and tested not only in other countries as well as to other types of green buildings. This study could provide best indicators for purchase decisions that could be embedded in the future green residential development. Stakeholders and policy makers could also provide incentive, recognition and take actions to increase awareness related to green development to internalise the medium-and long-term goals of green technology.

INVESTIGATING THE AWARENESS AMONG POTENTIAL HOMEBUYERS TOWARDS ELEMENTS OF GREEN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Muhammad Firdaus Mazli — 2022-07-26

The number of green residential buildings in Malaysia is on the rise trend. However, there is an imbalance in the amount of green residential buildings available in main cities. Why do things like this happen? Is there a lower demand for green residential buildings in Malaysia's other main cities? Are potential homebuyers aware of the elements of green residential buildings? Therefore, this research was conducted to identify the demand for green residential building and to investigate potential homebuyers' awareness towards the elements of green residential building. The city of Ipoh, Perak, was chosen as the study's focal point, and Ipoh residents with good professions were chosen as respondents. This is because Ipoh has less green residential buildings than some other cities in Malaysia. A quantitative approach was adopted. A total of 384 responses were accepted for analysis. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis and the relative importance index (RII). According to the data, the majority of potential homebuyers in Ipoh, Perak, are aware on the elements of green residential building and are willing to purchase it in the future. This indicates that this residential concept is in high demand in the Ipoh market. Ipoh residents are also well aware of the elements of a green residential building. Hence, developers and the state authority would be able to increase the number of green residential developments in Ipoh.

THE PREFERENCES AND REQUIREMENTS OF GREEN GARDEN RETIREMENT CARE OF THE ELDERLY: CASE STUDY AT RSK TAIPING, PERAK, MALAYSIA

Wan Noor Anira Wan Ali@Yaacob — 2022-07-26

The elderly people in retirement homes generally pain from health’s problems, depression, and anxiety. Previous study revealed that the elderly requires high consumption of healthcare facilities. However, in Malaysia, the gap of the built environment for green garden, especially in the existing strategy at planning, design, and implementation of the elderly institutional care is currently lacking and inadequate. Consequently, the elderly usually requires much green or naturals to spend considerable time gardening and therapeutic activities. The green garden can entail and develop their stimulation, increase socialization, and decrease feel of isolation. Therefore, this study investigates the requirements of green garden retirement care for the elderly in supporting their active ageing and preferences design of green garden to improve the quality of life at retirement homes. This study embedded mixed-method designs, including structured interviews with the sixteen (16) residents and four (4) staff at RSK Taiping, Perak. together with observation of senior outdoor survey (SOS) tools. Findings revealed that the requirement of green garden retirement care facilities and location influenced garden usage in the elderly at retirement homes. The design considerations of landscape design on green gardens have been identified to be prominent in preferences for the elderly at retirement homes. The evidence in this study is particularly compelling for the holistic planning, design of the green garden at retirement homes and provides better reflection in future policy for institutional care facilities development.

HEDONIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS IN DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF GREEN ON HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL

Lizawati Abdullah — 2022-07-26

In predicting house price, there are many influential variables, and each variable is identified as a price determinant. Theoretically, variables are divided into categories, namely locational and neighbourhood attribute, structural attribute, time attribute, and environment attribute. Green element is one of the attributes as describe under environment category. The attribute is important as other variables which significantly explained how people willing to pay intangible variable. The relationship between property price and attribute needs to be examined to understand the influence of the green element on property price. Thus, this research attempts to demonstrate the independent variables correlated to the house price, including the green variable, by using hedonic regression analysis. Hedonic regression analysis is a well-known approach in determining the relationship between two or more variables. Green element represents the green-rated obtained by the housing scheme as evidence that the building possesses sustainable characteristics. The cost of green is relatively high than a conventional building. A dataset of 934 house price transactions with 14 variables was analysed. From the analysis, it is concluded that green has a significant effect on the house price. The result was interpreted by the β coefficient of 0.065 explained in hedonic regression analysis. It signifies that green can add premium to the house price. House price results from multiple determinants represented by house attributes and the findings confirm that one of the environment attributes do give effect on the house price in Malaysia property market.

MOBILITY AND PROXIMITY COEFFICIENT TO HIGH-TRAFFIC VOLUME IN DAILY SCHOOL OPERATIONS

Zaharah Mohd Yusoff — 2022-07-26

Heavy traffic volume especially in peak time led to bigger issue during daily school operating time. Drivers’ behaviours are often seen as the central cause to the increased number of road accidents around school, particularly during morning hours when accompanying adults are in a rush to office. Good accessibility and connectivity are the main consent in a school planning guideline. However, the proximity to major roads results in a higher level of traffic around the school. The research hypothesis is to investigate whether the proximity distance playing a significant role in determining mobility choice to school. The Geographical Information System software was used to analyse the safety measures such as distance, coverage area and routes to school, while the mobility analysis is done using the SPSS. 553 samples of questionnaires have been distributed at six identified schools in Johor Bahru. The result from analysis shows 79.39% of children use motorised vehicle thus, contributing to poor traffic flow during peak hour. While in comparing the coverage of each school to the guidelines, 99.45% of children’s houses are within the accepted radius distance. The findings of this study will highlight to some poor driving habits among parents, which are a major contributor to the heavy traffic flow surrounding schools.

USER PERCEPTION OF NATURAL VENTILATION STRATEGY AT INPATIENT WARD, KUALA KANGSAR HOSPITAL

Jamaludin Muhamad — 2022-07-26

Hospitals and healthcare facilities are known to be among the most energyintensive buildings. This concern has resulted in a resurgence of sustainability awareness in the built environment. Nowadays, many have adopted environmental strategies such as natural ventilation. It offers a low-cost alternative to remove stale air and replace fresh air efficiently through cross ventilation. Studies have shown that natural ventilation is one of the most energyefficient solutions to improve thermal comfort and hospitals and healthcare facilities will greatly benefit from this initiative. Passive Design has been valued as a key strategy in controlling airborne infection, especially in hospital wards with limited resources. Comparatively, the installation of ceiling-mounted mechanical fans will create a negative ventilation pressure difference. This paper explores the potential of the passive design method based on the experience of inpatient ward users. The study utilised questionnaires based on the end user's experience in a naturally ventilated inpatient ward area. The survey administration method ensures the 51 respondents’ anonymity is preserved especially in a healthcare setting. This investigation shows that natural ventilation provides a higher ventilation rate and is more energy-efficient than mechanical ventilation. Therefore, natural ventilation is a suitable solution in public buildings such as hospitals' inpatient wards. The outcome of this study will be paramount for designers to meet passive design objectives. Consequently, these will be the guidelines and outline information for hospital design in the future.

EVALUATING DETERMINANTS OF PROPERTY TAX REASSESSMENT: MALAYSIAN PRACTITIONERS’ PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS

Asma Senawi — 2022-07-26

Property tax plays an essential role in funding local government overheads to provide basic services for residents. However, too little research has stressed the importance of property tax assessment quality, especially in terms of reassessment. The absence of a regular and frequent reassessment process leads to distortions in tax payments, lower revenue generation, and a higher risk of significant increases in tax liability. A preliminary survey was conducted to unpack the determinants of property tax reassessment to address this issue. Survey data from 37 officers revealed that nine of the identified determinants have a significant and positive impact on the successful implementation of property tax reassessment in Malaysia, with staff capacity an essential aspect. The neighbouring municipality influence appears to play a less impactful role. These findings highlight the success factors in conducting property tax reassessment activity, which would assist the long-term success of local authorities. Despite the importance of property tax implementation for the local authorities, this research suggests that organisations should also ensure the quality of property tax and its frequent reassessment to enhance overall performance.

COMPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND CITIES SUSTAINABILITY AS A BASIS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Adamu Musa Eya — 2022-07-26

Nigerians Over the last decade, there has been a greater awareness of the complex relationship that exists between the growth of cities and the state of the environment. However, much work remains to be done to improve the quality of cities' environmental conditions to achieve developmental goals. Like most developing countries, faces environmental management challenges such as waste management, water pollution, air quality, carbon emissions, conservation and preservation of nature, climate change, city transportation, housing development, park, and gardens. The evidence suggests that adequate measures have not been taken to balance development goals with the need to maintain environmental quality. This paper investigates the strategies associated with environmental management and the success of sustainable cities. The Likert scale was used in the study. The study also used simple regression and Chi-square goodness of fit to determine the relationship between the study variables. According to the findings, the critical p-value of 9.487729 is greater than the computed value x2 0.1844. The coefficient of r 0.0001 is greater than the critical value of 9.487729. The study discovered a strong link between environmental management and the long-term viability of cities. This research will provide a foundation for stakeholders, government, and environmental management challenges.