READINESS OF TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD) CONCEPT IMPLEMENTATION IN PERAK’S SUBURBAN AREAS
Keywords:
Transit Oriented Development, Readiness Model, Railway Station, Suburban, Design and Development ResearchAbstract
The transit-oriented development (TOD) concept is a planning strategy in metropolitan areas that involves mixed use of land for transportation systems, especially railway stations, as the basis for planning the TOD concept. The question raised is whether suburban areas are suitable and ready to implement the TOD concept which is included in the suburban districts’ local plan. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the readiness of implementing the TOD concept model for 14 suburban railway station areas in seven of Perak’s local government administrations. The methodology used is a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, applying the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and case study method to develop the readiness model and evaluate the readiness level of the TOD concept in suburban areas. Twenty indicators from 4 key elements in the TOD readiness model were identified, such as population density, transit system, economic development, and land development potential. The findings indicated that all 14 railway stations involved have not yet achieved a 100 per cent level of readiness in implementing the TOD concept model.
References
Ab Majid, R., Said, R., Abdullah, J., Ngah, R., & Kwong, Q. J. (2021). Factors influencing ridership preference in using LRT service in Klang Valley, Malaysia. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 19.
Abdullah, J., Rashid, K. A., Shah, M. I. B., Ling, O. H. L., Majid, R. A., & Ngah, R. (2020). Land use development and ridership at Kelana Jaya lrt line, Malaysia. Planning Malaysia, 18.
Agensi Pengangkutan Awam Darat Malaysia (APAD). (2016). Garis Panduan Polisi untuk Pembangunan Berorientasikan Transit. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ahmad, M. S., & Suratman, R. (2020). Critical Review on Suburban Transit Orientation Development. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 18.
Al-Harami, A. & Raffaello, F. (2019). Qatar National MUSEUM-Transit Oriented Development: The Masterplan for the Urban Regeneration of a ‘Green TOD’. Journal of Urban Management. Available online 25 September 2019.
Azmi, N. A., Osman, M. M., Rabe, N. S., Ramlan, N. H., Azizan, A., & Amiruddin, S. (2021). A Comparative Analysis of Land Use and Compact City Principles and Guidelines on Rail Public Transit Stations in Malaysia. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 19.
Cervero, R. (2020). The Transit Metropolis: A 21st Century Perspective. In Transportation, Land Use, and Environmental Planning (pp. 131-149). Elsevier.
Furlan, R. & Saeed, M.A. (2019). Transit-Oriented Development in West Bay, Business District of Doha, State of Qatar: A Strategy for Enhancing Liveability and Sense of Place. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development (2019).
Gomez, C.P., Omar, M. & Nallusamy, R. (2019). A Study on the Benefits of Transit Oriented Development in Malaysia and Incoporation of Those Benefits in Planning. MATEC Web of Conferences 266(1):06016.
Hassan, M. A., Hamdan, H., Abdullah, J., & Abdullah, Y. A. (2018). Housing and Transport Expenditure: An Assessment of Location Housing Affordability. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 16.
Hendrastuti, N. (2021). Gross Income Multiplier as A Fairness Indicator of Transaction Value on Transfer of Rights on Land and Building in South Tangerang. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 19.
Iseki, H. & Eom, H. (2019). Impacts of Rail Transit Accessibility on Firm Spatial Distribution: Case Study in the Metropolitan Area of Washington, DC. Transportation Research Record, 2673(11), 220–232.
Kaneko, Y., Nakagawa, T., Phun, V.K. & Kato, H. (2019). Impacts of Urban Railway Investment on Regional Economies: Evidence from Tokyo using Spatial Difference-in-Differences Analysis. Transportation Research Record, 2673(10), 129–140.
Ma, X., Chen, X., Li, X., Ding, C. & Wang, Y. (2018). Sustainable Station-Level Planning: An Integrated Transport and Land Use Design Model for Transit Oriented Development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 170, 1052-1063.
MacDonald A., Clarke A., Huang L., Roseland M. & Seitanidi M.M. (2018) Multistakeholder Partnerships (SDG #17) as a Means of Achieving Sustainable Communities and Cities (SDG #11). In: Leal Filho W. (eds) Handbook of Sustainability Science and Research. World Sustainability Series. Springer, Cham.
Malaysian Industrial Development Finance (MIDF) (2017). The Future of Transit Oriented Development. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Mohd Ridhuan, M.J., Shariza, S. & Mohd Ibrahim, K.A. (2014). Kompetensi Guru Terhadap Pengurusan Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran: Suatu Pendekatan Teknik Fuzzy Delphi. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan (JuPiDi).1(3), 77-88.
PLANMalaysia (2016). Rancangan Fizikal Negara Ketiga (RFN3). Putrajaya, Malaysia.
PLANMalaysia (2018). Garis Panduan Perancangan Pembangunan Berorientasikan Transit. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
PLANMalaysia@Perak (2020). Rancangan Struktur Negeri Perak 2040. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Ramlan, N. H., Osman, M. M., Rabe, N. S., Azizan, A., Azmi, N. A., & Amiruddin, S. (2021). Assessing The Current Implementation of Compact and Mixed-Use Development Within Public Rail Transit Stations in Malaysia. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 19.
Renne, J. L. (2016). Transit Oriented Development: Making It Happen. Routledge
Rosni, N. A., Ponrahono, Z., & Noor, N. M. (2018). Segregated Land Use Sprawl: Tod Approach for Mixeduse Housing Development in Kuala Lumpur. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 16.
Samat, N., Mahamud, M. A., Rashid, S. M. R. A., Elhadary, Y., & Noor, N. M. (2019). Urbanisation beyond its core boundary and its impact on the communities in George Town conurbation, Malaysia. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 17.
Tahir, Z., & Malek, J. A. (2016). Main criteria in the development of smart cities determined using analytical method. Planning Malaysia, 14.
Wang, X., Tong, D., Gao, J. & Chen, Y. (2019). The Reshaping of Land Development Density through Rail Transit: The Stories of Central Areas vs. Suburbs in Shenzhen, China. Cities, 89, 35-45.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Sabri Ahmad, Mohamad Fadhli Rashid, Robiah Suratman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia institute of planner. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.
