TY - JOUR AU - Arzmi, Mohd Hafiz PY - 2021/02/28 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Scientific research misconducts : An overview JF - IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences JA - IJOHS VL - 2 IS - 1 SE - Editorial DO - 10.31436/ijohs.v2i1.69 UR - https://journals.iium.edu.my/ktn/index.php/ijohs/article/view/69 SP - 1-3 AB - <p>Research misconduct is defined as fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results (Anderson, 2013; Breen, 2016; Resnik, 2019). It can occur at many stages of the research process.  These include during proposal preparation, data collection, analysis and publication (Amin <em>et al.</em>, 2012).  The previous studies reported that 2,047 articles were retracted from PubMed in May 2012, with 67% of the articles due to misconduct (Dal-Ré <em>et al</em>., 2020).  Besides, the percentage of retracted papers in the year of 2012 were reported to increase by 10-fold compared to the total articles retracted in 1975 (Fang <em>et al</em>., 2012).  According to Liu and Chen (2018), the data from Retraction Watch on the 31<sup>st</sup> July 2017 revealed that the US, China, Germany, Japan and India were the top six countries that had articles retracted. </p> ER -