The Determination of Acanthamoeba spp. from Air Ventilation System Samples from Selected Buildings in Kuantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v1i1.40Keywords:
Acanthamoeba, air, ventilation systems, dust samples, immunosuppressedAbstract
Objective: The present study is designed to investigate the occurrence of Acanthamoeba in air ventilation and air-conditioning systems in selected buildings in Kuantan. Methods: Acanthamoeba was isolated from dust samples taken from filters of air ventilation systems in selected buildings in Kuantan. The dusts were collected by using sterile cotton swabs, cultured in a xenic culture medium on non-nutrient agar (NNA) plates and incubated at 37º C. The plates were examined daily for any presence of Acanthamoeba cysts up to 7 days of incubation. Results: Based on the results obtained, there were no cysts or trophozoites of Acanthamoeba successfully isolated from all 75 dust samples. After three days of incubation, all culture plates examined show negative findings. Conclusions: The negative findings of this study were probably due to the limitations of the sampling method. It is recommended that future studies use the method proposed by National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for indoor air quality monitoring.
References
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17. Cao J, Yang Y, Yang W, Wu R, Xiao X, Yuan J, Xing Y, Tan X. Prevalence of infectious keratitis in Central China. BMC Ophthalmology. 2014;14(1):43.
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19. Lorenzo-Morales J, Ortega-Rivas A, Foronda P, MartÃnez E, Valladares B. Isolation and identification of pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain from water sources. Parasitology Research. 2005;95(4):273-7.
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2. Duodu S, Larsson P, Sjödin A, Forsman M, Colquhoun DJ. The distribution of Francisella-like bacteria associated with coastal waters in Norway. Microbial Ecology. 2012;64(2):370-7.
3. Niyyati M, Lorenzo-Morales J, Rahimi F, Motevalli-Haghi A, MartÃn-Navarro CM, Farnia S, Valladares B, Rezaeian M. Isolation and genotyping of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains from dust sources in Iran. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009;103(4):425-7.
4. Khan NA. Acanthamoeba: biology and pathogenesis. Horizon Scientific Press; 2009.
5. Nuprasert W, Putaporntip C, Pariyakanok L, Jongwutiwes S. Identification of a novel T17 genotype of Acanthamoeba from environmental isolates and T10 genotype causing keratitis in Thailand. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2010;48(12):4636-40.
6. Winck MA, Caumo K, Rott MB. Prevalence of Acanthamoeba from tap water in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current Microbiology. 2011;63(5):464.
7. Caumo K, Rott MB. Acanthamoeba T3, T4 and T5 in swimming-pool waters from Southern Brazil. Acta Tropica. 2011;117(3):233-5.
8. Perdelli F, Sartini M, Spagnolo AM, Dallera M, Lombardi R, Cristina ML. A problem of hospital hygiene: the presence of aspergilli in hospital wards with different air-conditioning features. American Journal of Infection Control. 2006;34(5):264-8.
9. Cabello-VÃlchez AM, MartÃn-Navarro CM, López-Arencibia A, Reyes-Batlle M, González AC, Guerra H, Gotuzzo E, Valladares B, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. Genotyping of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains isolated from nasal swabs of healthy individuals in Peru. Acta Tropica. 2014; 130:7-10.
10. Sheng WH, Hung CC, Huang HH, Liang SY, Cheng YJ, Ji DD, Chang SC. First case of granulomatous amebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba castellanii in Taiwan. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009;81(2):277-9.
11. Schuster FL. Cultivation of pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amebas. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2002;15(3):342-54.
12. Ooi SS, Mak JW, Chen DK, Ambu S. The correlation of Acanthamoeba from the ventilation system with other environmental parameters in commercial buildings as possible indicator for indoor air quality. Industrial Health. 2017;55(1):35-45.
13. Luongo JC, Miller SL. Ultraviolet germicidal coil cleaning: Decreased surface microbial loading and resuspension of cell clusters. Building and Environment. 2016; 105:50-5.
14. Chagla AH, Griffiths AJ. Growth and encystation of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Microbiology. 1974;85(1):139-45.
15. Lloyd D, Turner NA, Khunkitti W, Hann AC, Furr JR, Russell AD. Encystation in Acanthamoeba castellanii: development of biocide resistance. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 2001;48(1):11-6.
16. Niyyati M, Lorenzo-Morales J, Rezaie S, Rahimi F, Mohebali M, Maghsood AH, Motevalli-Haghi A, MartÃn-Navarro CM, Farnia S, Valladares B, Rezaeian M. Genotyping of Acanthamoeba isolates from clinical and environmental specimens in Iran. Experimental Parasitology. 2009;121(3):242-5.
17. Cao J, Yang Y, Yang W, Wu R, Xiao X, Yuan J, Xing Y, Tan X. Prevalence of infectious keratitis in Central China. BMC Ophthalmology. 2014;14(1):43.
18. Deng Y, Ran W, Man S, Li X, Gao H, Tang W, Tachibana H, Cheng X. Artemether exhibits amoebicidal activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii through inhibition of the serine biosynthesis pathway. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2015;59(8):4680-8.
19. Lorenzo-Morales J, Ortega-Rivas A, Foronda P, MartÃnez E, Valladares B. Isolation and identification of pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain from water sources. Parasitology Research. 2005;95(4):273-7.
20. Chan LL, Mak JW, Low YT, Koh TT, Ithoi I, Mohamed SM. Isolation and characterization of Acanthamoeba spp. from air-conditioners in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Acta Tropica. 2011;117(1):23-30.
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Published
2018-02-02
How to Cite
Md. Isa, M. L. (2018). The Determination of Acanthamoeba spp. from Air Ventilation System Samples from Selected Buildings in Kuantan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS, 1(1), 19–21. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v1i1.40
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