Attributes of Perceived Auditor Independence in Saudi Arabia

Authors

  • Mohammed Ali Brahim Omri Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia
  • Nesrine Abdelkader Akrimi Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/ijema.v29i1.842

Keywords:

Auditor, Independence, Perceptions, Attributes, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Perceived auditor independence is a key component to ensure trust to different interested parties in accounting information and audit reports. This paper seeks to identify the main attributes of perceived auditor independence in Saudi Arabia. The survey explores the impact of 46 attributes on the perceptions of 32 directors and 31 auditors in Saudi Arabia using questionnaire instrument. Joint audit and partner reviews are considered by Saudi directors as the most important enhancing attribute. Although the presence of an operational audit committee and disclosure of audit fees are the major enhancing attributes for auditors, the provision of non-audit services is considered by directors as the strongest reducing attribute of auditor independence. Whereas existence of a financial relationship between auditor and auditee is considered by auditors as the most important reducing attribute. This study serves to assist auditing policymakers, accounting regulatory bodies, and governments in MENA countries in their attempt to develop policies and guidelines to ensure enhanced auditor independence. The survey enriches the restricted empirical studies on auditor independence in Saudi Arabia.

References

Akpom, U.N., and Y.O. Dimkpa. “Determinants of Auditor Independence: A Comparison of the Perceptions of Auditors and Non-Auditors in Lagos, Nigeria.” Journal of Finance and Accountancy 12 (2013): 1-17.

Al-Ajmi, J. “Audit Firm, Corporate Governance, and Audit Quality: Evidence from Bahrain.” Advances in Accounting, Incorporating Advances in International Accounting 25 (2009): 64-74.

______, and S. Saudagaran. “Perceptions of Auditors and Financial-Statement Users Regarding Auditor Independence in Bahrain.” Managerial Auditing Journal 26 (2011): 130-60.

Alleyne, P.A., D. Devonish, and P. Alleyne. “Perceptions of Auditor Independence in Barbados.” Managerial Auditing Journal 21 (2006): 621-35.

Alsaeed, K. “The Association between Firm-specific Characteristics and Disclosure: The Case of Saudi Arabia.” Managerial Auditing Journal 21 (2006): 476-96.

Al-Twaijry, A.A., J.A. Brierley, and D.R. Gwilliam. “The Development of Internal Audit in Saudi Arabia: An Institutional Theory Perspective.” Critical Perspectives on Accounting 14 (2003): 507-31.

Bae, G., S. Kallapur, and J. Rho. “Does Regulator Selection of Auditors Improve Audit Quality? Evidence from Auditor Designation in Korea.” Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 28 (2012): 207-30.

Bakar, N.B.A, and M. Ahmad. “Auditor Independence: Malaysian Accountants’ Perceptions.” International Journal of Business and Management 4 (2009): 129-41.

Bartlett, R.W. “A Scale of Perceived Independence: New Evidence on an Old Concept.” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 6 (1993): 52-67.

Beattie, V., R. Brandt, and S. Fearnley. “Perceptions of Auditor Independence: U.K. Evidence.” Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and taxation 8 (1999): 67-107.

Behzadian, F, and N. Izadi Nia. “An Investigation of Expectation Gap between Independent Auditors and Users from Auditing Services Related to the Quality of Auditing Services Based on Their Role and Professional Features.” Asian Journal of Accounting Research 2 (2017): 36-47.

Blay, A.D, and M.A. Geiger. “Auditor Fees and Auditor Independence: Evidence from Going Concern Reporting Decisions.” Contemporary Accounting Research 30 (2013): 579-606.

Cao, Q., N. Hu, and L. Hao. “Does Client Industry Importance Affect Auditor Independence?” Managerial Auditing Journal 35, no. 4 (2019): 575-95.

Chow, C.W. “The Demand for External Auditing: Size, Debt and Ownership Influences.” The Accounting Review 4 (1982): 272-93.

DeAngelo, L.E. “Auditor Size and Audit Quality.” Journal of Accounting and Economics 3 (1981): 183-99.

Dykxhoorn, H.J., and K.E. Sinning. “Perceptions of Auditor Independence: Its Perceived Effect On Loan and Investment Decisions of German Financial Statement Users.” Accounting, Organizations and Society 7 (1982): 337-47.

Francis, J.R. “What Do We Know About Audit Quality?” The British Accounting Review 36 (2004): 345-68.

Garcia, M.A, and C. Humphrey. “Beyond the Audit Expectations Gap: Learning from the Experiences of Britain and Spain.” European Accounting Review 1 (1992): 303-31.

Gay, G, and R. Simnett. Auditing & Assurance Services in Australia. 2nd Edition). Sydney, Australia: McGraw-Hill Book Australia Pty., 2003.

Gonthier-Besacier, N., G. Hottegindre, and C. Fine-Falcy. “Audit Quality Perceptions: Beyond the ‘Role Perception Gap’.” International Journal of Auditing 20 (2016): 186-201.

Gul, F., and J.S.L. Tsui. “An Empirical Analysis of Hong Kong Bankers’ Perceptions of Auditor Ability to Resist Management Pressure in an Audit Conflict Situation.” Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation 1 (1992): 177-90.

Hamuda, K., and N. Sawan. “Perceptions of Auditor Independence in Libyan Audit Market.” International Business Research 7 (2014): 120-28.

IFAC. Handbook of the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. New York: IFAC, 2018.

Jensen, M., and W. Meckling. “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behaviour, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure”. Journal of Financial Economics 3 (1976): 305-60.

Knapp, M.C. “Audit Conflict: An Empirical Study of the Perceived Ability of Auditors to Resist Management Pressure.” The Accounting Review 60 (1985): 202-11.

Law, P. “CPAs' Employment With Former Audit Clients and Auditor Independence in the Post?Enron Era.” Managerial Auditing Journal 25 (2010): 240-58.

Loehlein, L. “Measuring the Independence of Audit Oversight Entities: A Comparative Empirical Analysis.” Accounting Research Journal 30 (2017): 165-84.

Mgbame, C.O., E. Eragbhe, and N.P. Osazuwa. “Audit Partner Tenure and Audit Quality: An Empirical Analysis.” European Journal of Business and Management 4 (2012): 154-62.

MMG “Mohammad Al Mojil Group: Prospects.” 2014. http://www.almojilgroup.com.

Mobily. “Annual report.” 2014. https://www.mobily.com.sa.

Moore, D.A., P.E. Tetlock, and L. Tanlu. “Conflicts of Interest and the Case of Auditor Independence: Moral Seduction and Strategic Issue Cycling.” Academy of Management Review 31 (2006): 10-29.

Mostafa, D., M. Hussain, and E.K.A. Mohamed. “The Effect of Religiosity–Morality Interaction on Auditor Independence in Egypt.” Managerial Auditing Journal 35 (2020): 1009-31.

Mostafa Mohamed, D, and M. Hussien Habib. “Auditor Independence, Audit Quality and the Mandatory Auditor Rotation in Egypt.” Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues 6 (2013): 116-44.

Narasimhan, R., and S. Ng. “An Experimental Study of Hong Kong and Chinese Auditors' Perceptions of Auditor Independence.” Asian Review of Accounting 7 (1999): 1-18.

Onulaka, P., M. Shubita, and A. Combs. “Non-audit Fees and Auditor Independence: Nigerian Evidence.” Managerial Auditing Journal 34 (2019): 1029-49.

Pany, K, and P.M.J. Reckers. “The Effects of Gifts, Discounts and Client Size on Perceived Auditor Independence.” The Accounting Review 55 (1980): 50-61.

Prat Dit-Hauret, C. “L'indépendance Du Commissaire Aux Comptes: Une Analyse Empirique Fondée Sur Trois Composantes Psychologiques Du Comportement.” Comptabilité Contrôle Audit 9 (2003): 31-58.

Raiborn, C., Schorg, C.A, and Massoud, M. “Should Auditor Rotation Be Mandatory?” The Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance 17 (2006): 37-49.

Richard, C. “Why an Auditor Can’t Be Competent and Independent: A French Case Study.” European Accounting Review 15 (2006): 153-79.

Ronen, J. “Corporate Audits and How to Fix Them.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 24 (2010): 189-210.

Salehi, M., A. Mansoury, and Z. Azary. “Audit Independence and Expectation Gap: Empirical Evidences from Iran.” International Journal of Economics and Finance 1 (2009): 165-74.

Teoh, H.Y., and C.C. Lim. “An Empirical Study of the Effects of Audit Committees, Disclosure of Non-Audit Fees, and Other Issues on Audit Independence: Malaysian Evidence.” Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation 5 (1996): 231-48.

Thornton, J., A. Reinstein, and C. Miller. “Self-serving Bias, Respondent Knowledge, and Perceptions of Non-Audit Services’ Impact On Auditor Independence.” Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting 12 (2007): 173-20.

Watts, R.L, and J.L. Zimmerman. Positive Accounting Theory. New York: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1986.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-17

How to Cite

Omri, M. A. . B., & Akrimi, N. A. (2021). Attributes of Perceived Auditor Independence in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 29(1), 243–272. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijema.v29i1.842

Issue

Section

Articles