Impact of Perceived Family Support, Workplace Support, and Work-Life Balance Policies on Work-Life Balance Among Female Bankers in Bangladesh

Authors

  • Mahi Uddin International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Kalsom Ali University Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia.
  • Mohammad Aktaruzzaman Khan International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/ijema.v28i1.769

Keywords:

Women bankers, Support, WLB policies, Work-life-balance

Abstract

Most previous studies on work-life balance have adopted the developed and western country perspectives, which are rich in support structures and legislative policies to address employee work-life demands. To date, few similar studies have been done in emerging economies, where there are few work-life balance policies and support systems. This research investigates workplace support, supervisory support, and work-life balance policies concerning their impact on the work-life balance of Bangladeshi female employees in commercial banks. The results of this study are based on a questionnaire survey to a sample of 558 female employees selected through purposive sampling. Findings reveal that workplace support, superior support, and work-life balance policies significantly influence attainment of better work-life balance among Bangladeshi female bankers. Our study benefits scholars, professionals, policymakers, practitioners, regulators, and female bankers employed in Bangladesh.

References

Achour, M., S.B.A. Khalil, B.B. Ahmad, M.R.M. Nor, and M.Y.Z.B.M. Yusuf. “Management and Supervisory Support as A Moderator of Work-Family Demands and Women's Well-Being: A Case Study of Muslim Female Academicians in Malaysia.†Humanomics 33, no. 3 (2017): 335-56.

Akter, N., T. Akkadechanunt, R. Chontawan, and A. Klunklin. “Factors Predicting Quality of Work Life Among Nurses in Tertiary-Level Hospitals, Bangladesh.†International Nursing Review 65, no. 2 (2017): 182-9.

Au, W.C., and P.K. Ahmed. “Exploring the Effects of Workplace Supports On Work-Life Experience: A Study of Malaysia.†Human Resource Development International 18, no. 4 (2015): 346-65.

Bae, K.B., and G. Yang. “The Effects of Family-Friendly Policies on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment.†Public Personnel Management 46, no. 1 (2017): 25-40.

Baines, D. “‘It Was Just Too Hard to Come Back’: Unintended Policy Impacts on Work-Family Balance in the Australian and Canadian Non-Profit Social Services.†Community, Work and Family 14, no. 2 (2011): 233-48.

Bosch, M.J., M.L. Heras, M. Russo, Y. Rofcanin, I. Grau, and M. Grau. “How Context Matters: The Relationship Between Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors and Motivation to Work Moderated by Gender Inequality.†Journal of Business Research 82 (2018): 46-55.

Brislin, R.W. “Back-translation for Cross-cultural Research.†Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology 3 (1970): 185-216.

Brough, P., C. Timms, and R. Bauld. “Measuring Work-Life Balance: Validation of A New Measure Across Five Anglo and Asian Samples.†In Proceedings of the 8th Australian Psychological Society Industrial and Organizational Conference, Sydney, 2009.

Bruan, S., and C. Peus. “Crossover of Work-life Balance Perceptions: Does Authentic Leadership Matter?†Journal of Business Ethics 149 (2018): 875-93.

Chahal, H. and S. Mehta. “Modeling Patient Satisfaction Construct in The Indian Health Care Context.†International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 7, no. 1 (2013): 75-92.

Chen, H., B. Ayoun, and K. Eyoun. “Work-Family Conflict and Turnover Intentions: A Study Comparing China and U.S. Hotel Employees.†Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism 17, no. 2 (2018): 247-69.

Chin, W.W. “Commentary: Issues and Opinion on Structural Equation Modeling.†MIS Quarterly 22, no. 1 (1998): 7-16.

Cohen, Jacob. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Science(2nd Edition). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988.

Cooklin, A.R., R. Giallo, L. Strazdins, A.L.S. Martin, Leach, and J.M. Nicholson. “What Matters for Working Fathers? Job Characteristics, Work-Family Conflict and Enrichment, And Fathers’ Postpartum Mental Health in an Australian Cohort.†Social Science and Medicine 146 (2015): 214-22.

Cross, C. “Barriers to the Executive Suite: Evidence from Ireland.†Leadership and Organization Development Journal 31 (2010): 104-19.

Diamontopoulos, A., and J.A. Siguaw. “Formative Versus Reflective Indicator in Organizational Measure Development: A Comparison and Empirical Illustration.†British Journal of Management 17, no. 4 (2006): 263-82.

Eisenberger, R., R. Huntington, S. Hutchison, and D. Sowa. “Perceived Organizational Support.†Journal of Applied Psychology 71 (1986): 500-7.

Feeney, M.K., and J.M. Stritch. “Family-Friendly Policies, Gender, and Work-Life Balance in the Public Sector.†Review of Public Personnel Administration 39, no. 3 (2017): 422-48.

Ferguson, M., D. Carlson, S. Zivnuska, and D. Whitten. “Support at Work and Home: The Path to Satisfaction Through Balance.†Journal of Vocational Behavior 80 (2012): 299-307.

Fornell, C., and D. Larcker. “Evaluating Structural Equation Modeling with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error.†Journal of Marketing Research 18, no. 3 (1981): 39-50.

Glass, J. L., and Finley, A. “Coverage and Effectiveness of Family-Responsive Workplace Policies.†Human Resource Management Review 12 (2002): 313-37.

Goñi-Legaz, S., and A. Ollo-López. “The Impact of Family-Friendly Practices on Work-Family Balance in Spain.†Applied Research Quality Life 11 (2016): 983-1007.

Gray, M.P., and K.M. O’Brien. “Advancing the Assessment of Women's Career Choices: The Career Aspiration Scale.†Journal of Career Assessment 15 (2007): 317-37.

Greenhaus, J.H., J.C. Ziegert, and T.D. Allen. “When Family-Supportive Supervision Matters: Relations Between Multiple Sources of Support and Work–Family Balanceâ€. Journal of Vocational Behavior 80 (2012): 266-75.

Griggs, T.L., W.J. Casper, and L.T. Eby. “Work, Family, and Community Support as Predictors of Work-Family Conflict: A Study of Low-Income Workers.†Journal of Vocational Behavior 82 (2013): 59-68.

Grover, S.L., and K.J. Crooker. “Who Appreciates Family-Responsive Resource Policies: The Impact of Family-Friendly Policies.†Personnel Psychology 48, no. 2 (1995): 271-98.

Haar, J., and M. Roche. “Family Supportive Organization Perceptions and Employee Outcomes: The Mediating Effects of Life Satisfaction.†The International Journal of Human Resources Management 21, no. 7 (2010): 999-1014.

Hair, Joseph F., William C. Black, Barry J. Babin, and V. Anderson. Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2010.

______, C. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt. “PLS-SEM: Indeed, a Silver Bullet.†The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 19, no. 2 (2011): 139-52.

______, G.T.M. Hult, C.M. Ringle, M. Sarstedt, and K.O. Thiele. “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: A Comparative Evaluation of Composite-Based Structural Equation Modeling Methods.†Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 45, no. 5 (2017): 616-32.

Hammer, L.B., E.E. Kossek, N.L. Yragui, T.E. Bodner, and G.C. Hanson. “Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB)â€. Journal of Management 35, no. 4 (2009): 837-56.

Hegewisch, A., and J.C. Gornick. “The Impact of Work-Family Policies on Women's Employment: A Review of Research from OECD Countries.†Community, Work, and Family 14, no. 2 (2011): 119-38.

Hein, Catherine, and Naomi Cassirer. Workplace Solutions for Childcare. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 2010.

Henseler, J, C.M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt. “A New Criterion for Assessing Discriminant Validity in Variance-Based Structural Equation Modeling.†Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 43, no. 1 (2015): 115-35.

Hobfoll, S.E. “Conservation of Resources: A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress.†American Psychologist 44, no. 3 (1989): 513-24.

Jaga, A., and J. Bagraim. “The Relationship between Work-Family Enrichment and Work-Family Satisfaction Outcomes.†South African Journal of Psychology 41, no. 1 (2011): 52-62.

Kang, Y. “Is Family-friendly Policy (FFP) Working in the Private of South Korea?†Springer Plus 2 (2013): 1-11.

Khan, F.C. “Women’s Work in Urban Bangladesh: Do Types of Organizations Matter?†Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, no. 2 (2016): 78-96.

Kim, J., andJ.E. Kellough. “At-will Employment in the States.†Review of Public Personnel Administration 34, no. 3 (2013): 218-36.

King, L.A., L.K. Mattimore, D.W. King, and G.A. Adams. “Family Support Inventory for Workers: A New Measure of Perceived Social Support from Family Members.†Journal of Organizational Behavior 16, no. 3 (1995): 235-58.

Kossek, E.E., Monique Valcour, and Pamela Lirio. “The Sustainable Workforce Organizational Strategies for Promoting Work–Life Balance and Wellbeing.†In Work and Wellbeing edited by C. Cooper and P. Chen (Eds.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.

______, and B.A. Lautsch. “Work-Life Flexibility for Whom? Occupational Status and Work-Life Inequality in Upper, Middle, and Lower Level Jobs.†Academy of Management Annals 12, no. 1 (2018): 5-36.

Kumar, A., K.A. Channa, and N.A., Bhutto. “When and How Workplace Social Support Improves Family Performance.†Applied Research in Quality of Life 14, no. 5 (2019): 1183-204.

Lapniewska, Z. “Well-being and Social Development in the Context of Gender Equality: Working Paper in Jagiellonian University Press, 2014.

Lewis, S., and L. den Dulk. “Parents’ Experiences of Flexible Work Arrangements in Changing European Workplaces.†In Workplace Flexibility. Realigning 20th Century Jobs for a 21st Century Workforce, edited by Christensen, K. and B. Schneider. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010.

Matos, K. Modern Families: Same and Different Sex Couples Negotiating at Home. New York: Families and Work Institute, 2015.

Nowak, M.J., M. Naude, and G. Thomas. “Returning to Work After Maternity Leave: Childcare and Workplace Flexibility.†Journal of Industrial Relations 55, no.1 (2013): 118-35.

O’Driscoll, M., P. Brough, and A. Biggs. “Work-family Balance: Concepts, Implications, and Interventions.†In Occupational Health Psychology: European Perspectives on Research, Education, and Practice by McIntyre S. and J. Houdmont (Eds.). Portugal: ISMAI Publishers (2007): 193-216.

Peeters, M.C.W., J.J. Montgemery, A.B. Bakker, and W.B. Schaufeli. “Balancing Work and Home: How Job and Home Demands Are Related to Burnout.†International Journal of Stress Management 12 (2005): 43-61.

Pocock, B., S. Charlesworth, and J. Chapman. “Work-family and Work-Life Pressures in Australia: Advancing Gender Equality in ‘Good Times?†International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 33, no. 9/10 (2013): 594-612.

Podsakoff, P.M., S.B. MacKenzie, J. Lee, and N.P. Podsakoff. “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Researches: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies.†Journal of Applied Psychology 63 (2003): 479-903.

______, S.B. MacKenzie, and N.P. Podsakoff. “Sources of Method Bias in Social Science Research and Recommendations on How to Control It.†Annual Review of Psychology 63, no. 1 (2012): 539-69.

Rhoades, L., and R. Eisenberger. “Perceived Organizational Support: A Review of the Literature.†Journal of Applied Psychology 87, no. 4 (2002): 698-714.

Ringle, Christian M., Wende Sven, and Becker Jan-Michael. “SmartPLS 3.†Bönningstedt: SmartPLS, 2015.

Roese, N.J., and K.D. Vohs. “Hindsight Bias.†Perspectives on Psychological Science 7, no. 5 (2012): 411-26.

Russo, M., A. Shteigman, and A. Carmeli. “Workplace and Family Support and Work-life-balance: Implications for Individual Psychological Availability and Energy at Work.†The Journal of Positive Psychology 11, no. 2 (2015): 173-88.

Schnachenberg, A.K., and E.C. Tomlinson. “Organizational Transparency: A New Perspective On Managing Trust in Organization-Stakeholder Relationships.†Journal of Management 42, no. 7 (2014): 1784-810.

Singh, R., Y. Zhang, M.M. Wan, and N.A. Fouad. “Why Do Women Engineers Leave the Engineering Profession?†The Roles of Work-Family Conflict, Occupational Commitment, And Perceived Organizational Support.†Human Resource Management 57, no. 4 (2018): 901-14.

Sirgy, M.J. and D. Lee. “Work-Life Balance: An Integrative Review.†Applied Research Quality Life 13 (2018): 229-54.

Skinner, N., J. Elton, J. Auer, and B. Pocock. “Understanding and Managing Work-Life Interaction Across the Life Course: A Qualitative Study.†Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 52, no. 1 (2013): 93-109.

______, and B. Pocock. “Flexibility and Work-Life Interference.†Journal of Industrial Relations 53, no. 1 (2011): 65-82.

Statistica. “Bangladesh: Distribution of employment by economic sector from 2007 to 2017†(2019). https://www.statistica.com/statistics/438360/employment-by-economic-sector-in-Bangladesh.

Tabassum, T.,T.Rahman, andK. Kursia. “An Evaluation of the Quality of Work Life: A Study of the Members of Private Universities in Bangladesh.†ABAC Journal 32, no. 3 (2012): 36-57.

ten Brummelhuis, L.L., J.M. Haar, and M. Roche. “Does Family Life Help to Be A Better Leader? A Closer Look at Crossover Processes from Leaders to Followers.†Personnel Psychology 67 (2014): 917-49.

Thomas, K.J. “Workplace Technology and the Creation of Boundaries: The Role of VHRD in a 24/7 Work Environment.†Advances in Developing Human Resources 16, no. 3 (2014): 281-95.

Upadhyay, A. and A.P. Singh. “Role of Occupational Stress and Social Support in Negative Mental Health Among Women Employees in Banking Sectors.†Journal of Indian Academy of Applied Psychology 43, no. 2 (2017): 222-9.

Valentine, S., M M. Greller, and S.B. Richtermeyer. “Employee Job Response as A Function of Ethical Context and Perceived Organization Support.†Journal of Business Research 59, (2006): 582-8.

Verma, M., K.T. Bhal, and P. Vrat. “Relationship Between Gender-Sensitive Practices and Family Support and its Impact On Psychological Well-Being of Women Employees in Call Centers in India.†Employee Relations 40, no. 1 (2018): 155-72.

Williams, J.C., J.L. Berdahl, and J.A. Vandello. “Beyond Work-Life Integration.†Annual Review of Psychology 67 (2016): 515–39.

Downloads

Published

2020-06-28

How to Cite

Uddin, M. ., Ali, K. ., & Khan, M. A. (2020). Impact of Perceived Family Support, Workplace Support, and Work-Life Balance Policies on Work-Life Balance Among Female Bankers in Bangladesh. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 28(1), 97–122. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijema.v28i1.769

Issue

Section

Articles