Examining Entrepreneurial Intent of Kabul University Business School Students using The “TPB Model” and the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire

Ahmad Robin Sedeqi; Sayed Mohammad Zarif  Abdali; Maiwand  Qayomi

doi:10.31436/ijema.v32i2.1202

Authors

Ahmad Robin Sedeqi Kabul University, Afghanistan
Sayed Mohammad Zarif Abdali Kabul University, Afghanistan
Maiwand Qayomi Kabul University, Afghanistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/ijema.v32i2.1202

Keywords:

Entrepreneurship intentions, Theory of Planned Behavior, Management, Education, Student entrepreneurship

Abstract

This study assesses the entrepreneurial intention of business school students, where Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is the primary conceptual model combined with data collection using the Liñán and Chen EIQ (Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire). Using convenience sampling, a total of 154 students from Kabul University, Afghanistan, were studied. We found that the EIQ psychometric properties were confirmed. Personal attitude, self-efficacy, and subjective norms were all predictors of entrepreneurship intent and thus verified in the study's regression analysis results. Because of the research design limitation, the findings cannot be generalized and may reveal different results over time or by the time students graduate. As one practical implication of the study, it is suggested that universities focus more on independent variables, such as personal attitude and self-efficacy, to build confidence in entrepreneurship among students. Future research can include moderator variables such as family influence, networking and communication, and Islamic values in supporting entrepreneurship intention. The psychometric properties of EIQ were confirmed.

References

Adham, K.A., M.F. Said, N.S. Muhamad, and N.I. Yaakub. “Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship from the Western and Islamic Perspectives.” International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting 20, no. 2 (2013): 109-48.

Ajzen, I. “The Theory of Planned Behavior.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, no. 2 (1991): 179-211.

Autio, E., R.H. Keeley, M. Klofsten, G.G.C. Parker, and M. Hay. “Entrepreneurial Intent among Students in Scandinavia and in the USA.” Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies 2, no. 2 (2001): 145-60.

Bandura, Albert. Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 1977.

Engle, N., F. Andresson and K. Wennberg. “The Impact of Entreprenerurial Education in High School on Long-term Entrepreneurial Performance.” Journal of Economic Behaviour & Organization 111 (2014): 209-23.

European Commission. Fostering Entrepreneurial Mindsets through Education and Learning. In: European Commission (2006) Entrepreneurship education in Europe. Oslo: European Commission, 2006.

Fayolle, A. and B. Gailly. “From Craft to Science Teaching Models and Learning Processes in Entrepreneurship Education.” Journal of European Industrial Training (2008): 569-93.

Fozia, M., A. Rehman, and A. Farooq. “Entrepreneurship and Leadership: An Islamic Perspective.” International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting 24, no. 1 (2016): 15-47.

Garson, D. Factor Analysis. October 2010. http://facult.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/factor.htm

GEM. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2015/2016 Global Report. UK: Babson College, Universidad del Desarrollo, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, London Business School, 2016.

Hofstede, G. Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1980.

Iqtidar, A. S., S. Amjed, and S. Jaboob. “The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Shaping Entrepreneurial Intentions.” Journal of Economic Structures (2020): 9-19.

Khalique, M., T. Ramayah, K. Hina, and J.A.N. Shaari. “Islamic Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review of Future Challenges and Prospects of Pakistani SMEs.” International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting 28, no. 2 (2020): 277-95.

Kim-Soon, N., A.R. Ahmad, and N.N. Ibrahim. “Entreprenerurial Motivation and Entrepreneurship Career Intention: Case at Malaysian Public University.” Crafting Global Competitive Economies: 2020 Vision Strategic Planning & Smart Implementation (2014).

Krueger, N.F., M.D. Reilly, and A.L. Carsurd. “Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions.” Journal of Business Venturing 15, no. 5 (2000): 411–32.

Lee, S. M., D. Chang, and S.B. Lim. “Impact of Entrepeneurship Education: A Comparative Study of the U.S and Korea.” International Entrepreneurship Management Journal (2005): 27-43.

Lee-Ross, D. “An Examination of the Entrepreneurial Intent of MBA Students in Australia Using the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire.” Journal of Management Development 36, no. 9 (2017): 1180-190.

Liñán, F., and Y.W. Chen. “Development and Cross?Cultural Application of a Specific Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Intentions.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33, no. 3 (2009): 593-617.

Malebana, J. “Entrepreneurial Intentions of South African Rural University Students: A Test of the Theory of Planned Behaviour.” Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, no. 2 (2014): 130-43.

NSIA. Statistic 2019 yearbook. Kabul: NSIA, 2019.

NSIA. Statistic 2020 yearbook. Kabul: NSIA, 2020.

Nunnally, J.C. Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.

Owosenl, Q., and P.A. Akambl. “Entrepreneurial Intention.” J Manage Carp Gov (2010): 132-48.

Segal, G., D. Borgia, and J. Schoenfeld. “The Motivation to Become an Entrepreneur.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research 11, no. 1 (2005): 42-57.

Sekaran, U., D. Borgia, and J. Schoenfeld. Research Methods for Business. West Sussex, UK: Wiley, 2013.

Sharahiley, S.M. “Examining Entrepreneurial Intention of the Saudi Arabia’s University Students: Analyzing Alternative Integrated Research Model of TPB and EEM.” Glob J Flex Syst Manag 21 (2020): 67–84.

Taha, K.A., S.N. Ramlan, and I.M. Noor. “The Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention of University Student in Malaysia.” Technopreneurship (2017): 189-202.

Watson, A., O.L. Dada, M. Grünhagen, and M.L. Wollan. “When do Franchisers Select Entrepreneurial Franchisees? An Organizational Identity Perspective.” Journal of Business Research 12 (2016): 5934-945.