Gunawan, Teddy Surya, Nurul Jannah, Mira Kartiwi, and Noreha Abdul Malik. 2026. “Efficiency-Aware Multi-Class Spinal Disorder Classification Using CBAM-Enhanced Lightweight CNNs With Dual-Branch Fusion”. IIUM Engineering Journal 27 (2):278-319. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i2.4341.