MAPPING LITERATURE REVIEW ON FERMENTATION SUBSTRATES FOR PRODUCTION OF LACTIC ACID BY RHIZOPUS SP

Mapping Literature Review on Lactic acid production by Rhizopus

Abstract

Lactic acid has been a great interest to many industries such as food and beverages, cosmetic, chemical and pharmaceutical due to its various functions. Lactic acid can be produced by fermentation of Rhizopus sp from various substrates such as glucose, starch and lignocellulosic materials. To our knowledge, classification of studies according to the substrates used in the fermentation medium has never been conducted. The main objective of this study is to classify the earlier works on lactic acid production by Rhizopus sp on the most studied substrates. This study also to identify the location or country that focuses on lactic acid production from raw starchy-materials. In this study, a mapping literature study was conducted to classify and structure relevant empirical studies into the types of substrates used. Network visualization based on keywords co-occurrences from selected bibliographic databases is included in this study as well. Eleven (11) substrates were identified from 171 empirical studies. Thirty-two (32) studies were discovered to use starch as substrates in lactic acid production by Rhizopus sp. Out of 32 studies, only twelve (12) studies reported of using raw starchy-materials in their studies where most of the studies were reported from United states. This study redounds to the researchers to uncover critical areas in the production of lactic acid especially in the use of substrates for novel approaches thus, a new hypothesis can be made.