RECENT TRENDS IN DENGUE DETECTION METHODS USING BIOSENSORS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i2.931Keywords:
DENV E-protein, biosensorsAbstract
ABSTRACT: Dengue illness is an infectious tropical disease, transmitted by Aedes mosquitos, that poses a serious health threat to the tropical world. This disease causes widespread infection worldwide, with about 50 million cases of dengue occurring per annum out of which 500,000 recorded cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever and 22,000 deaths. Currently, there are no effective vaccines available to prevent the spread of the infection. Accurate and rapid laboratory diagnostic tests are required for early detection to reduce patient mortality rate. In this paper, common laboratory diagnosis methods for detecting dengue virus infection are discussed. Currently, virus isolation, RT-PCR and serology methods provide the most direct and accurate response for detection of dengue. However, these methods require tedious steps, expensive requirements and expert staffs. Recent research have proposed the usage of biosensors as an alternative new technology for detection of dengue. In this work, various types of biosensors such as electrochemical, piezoelectric, and optical biosensor have been described and compared to evaluate their effectiveness in dengue detection. It is observed that the optical biosensor offers the best detection due to its high sensitivity as compared to others, although it is popularly known as an expensive method. Alternatively, the use of electrochemical and piezoelectric biosensors (QCM) is highly recommended for detection of dengue due to their ease-of-use, low cost, low reagent consumption, disposability, and minimal sample preparation. These approaches have the potential to improve the rate of survival, particularly in resource-limited countries.
ABSTRAK: Virus denggi adalah penyakit berjangkit tropika bawaan nyamuk Aedes yang menimbulkan ancaman serius kepada kesihatan global. Penyakit ini menyebabkan jangkitan yang meluas di seluruh dunia, dengan kira-kira 50 juta kes denggi yang berlaku setiap tahun di mana 500,000 kes demam denggi berdarah dan 22,000 kematian direkodkan. Buat masa ini, tiada vaksin yang berkesan untuk mencegah penyebaran jangkitan ini. Ujian diagnostik makmal yang cepat dan tepat diperlukan untuk pengesanan denggi awal untuk mengurangkan kadar kematian pesakit. Dalam artikel ini, kaedah diagnosis makmal yang biasa dilakukan untuk mengesahkan jangkitan virus denggi akan dibincangkan. Pada masa kini, kaedah pengasingan virus, RT-PCR dan serologi adalah tindak balas yang paling cepat dan tepat untuk mengesan denggi. Walau bagaimanapun, kaedah-kaedah ini memerlukan langkah-langkah yang melecehkan, kos penyelenggaraan yang tinggi dan kakitangan yang terlatih. Penyelidikan terkini telah mencadangkan penggunaan biosensor sebagai teknologi baru alternatif untuk mengesan denggi. Dalam artikel ini juga pelbagai jenis biosensor seperti biosensor elektrokimia, piezoelektrik, dan biosensor optik telah dijelaskan dan dibandingkan untuk menilai keberkesanannya dalam pengesanan denggi. Difahamkan bahawa biosensor optik menawarkan pengesanan terbaik kerana kepekaannya yang tinggi berbanding dengan yang lain, walaupun ia dikenali sebagai kaedah berkos tinggi. Sebaliknya, biosensor elektrokimia dan piezoelektrik (QCM) sangat disyorkan untuk mengesan denggi kerana ia mudah digunakan, berkos rendah, penggunaan bahan uji yang terhad, boleh dipakai buang, dan mempunyai penyediaan sampel yang minima. Pendekatan-pendekatan ini berpotensi untuk meningkatkan kadar kemandirian di kawasan-kawasan sumber terhad.
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